9 ideas, in a'great measure, from my mind,) to suspect that the country was ill-governed, and since that time my ardent wish has been to see it Show more9 ideas, in a'great measure, from my mind,) to suspect that the country was ill-governed, and since that time my ardent wish has been to see it under a system of Government which might render it happy. In this state of things, a casual occurrence took place which drew me into a nearer connexion with society. The journeymen of my trade were tyrannized over by their masters; and though I was not a sharer in their grievances, yet the idea of injustice and oppression was sufficient to induce me to comply with their request, that I would seek redress for them from the law; but this did not prove so easy as I at first thought it. The Governor of Malaga, Don Pedro Trugillo (who had married a sister of the first wife, or mistress ot the favourite Godoy, Principe de la Paz,*) a proud man and vain of his connexion, behaved with the most arbitrary injustice in that affair ; I therefore applied to the Hich Court of Justice, at Grenada, which compelled him to annul his proceedings ;_ but by the advice of some friends, who convinced me that the mortified pride of the Governor would impel him to tind some pretext to be revenged on me, 1, much against my will, changed my residence, and went to settle at a small town, about five leagues distant from Malaga, called Coin, the Chief Magistrate of which held me in great estimation, and offered me protection and security. | During these proceedings, which served to confirm my former dislike to the existing system of government, I was examined and received as a Master Taylor ; and was three times elected Alcalde,} or Prohombre of the are which place I can boast of having filled with credit. I now pass to the memorable year 1808, when the af- fairs at Aranjuez and Madrid called forth the expecta- tion of the public. A French army in Portugal, and another in the heart of the Peninsula, having taken pos- session of the fortresses, were events that disturbed even the most torpid and indifferent minds. My ardent tem- * Prince of Peace. + One of the Directors of the Taylors’ Company. hetebeiing>rinabanstemankaabens: sage - ~ bar Bs « | | | | � Show less
ai i de ee” ee ee | hl SESE —=——” ore i} men were drawn together ; but owing to their inexpe- rience, and want of arms and ammunition, and to the Show moreai i de ee” ee ee | hl SESE —=——” ore i} men were drawn together ; but owing to their inexpe- rience, and want of arms and ammunition, and to the circumstance of the town being exposed for want of walls, or defensive works of any kind, the French took ossession of it on the evening of the 5th February, 1810, after a bloody and unequal contest, which led to the sub- sequent pillage of the town itself. I was obliged to conceal myself, as the invaders, being informed of my vehement zeal, and unrelenting hatred towards them, caused me to be condemned to the gal- lows ; but through the interest of some of the respect- able inhabitants, the sentence was commuted to that of banishment, and shortly afterwards, by similar in fluence, I was permitted to remain at home, under the promise (which was given without my knowledge) that I should keep myself quiet. I soon abused that precarious li- berty, which I was permitted to enjoy ; 1 daily acqui- red information from the patriot armies; purchased the newspapers of Cadiz, where the Spanish Govern- ment at that time was, and read them at the private meet- ings of the patriots ; taking care, in the mean while, to collect my trifling property, in order that I might with- draw to some place, not held by the enemy, and take along with me my Son, whom I wished to place in the ranks of the defenders of his country, although he was still under age. | The police watched me attentively, and was soon in- formed of the nature of my employment, and of my in- tentions. I was therefore reprehended and severely threatened, and moreover, with the idea of wounding my patriotic feelings, my Son was included in the Civic Militia, and myself ordered to provide him with clothing. The bare idea of seeing him in the service of the oppres- sors of my country, inflamed my passions to madness ; so that (having sent him to the castle of Marabella, at that time held by Spanish forces), I kept no restraint upon my feelings, nor on my tongue ; but talked so vio- lently, that the Governor, who had already been in- formed of the hand I had in my Son’s escape, ordered me to be apprehended, and hung without delay. I se- � Show less
mma en Yeon nsabuthdtichnn_ contd centidieteteheiaedaat a 12 cretly withdrew, and. got on board a vessel ; we touched at Algesiras. where I spent.a Show moremma en Yeon nsabuthdtichnn_ contd centidieteteheiaedaat a 12 cretly withdrew, and. got on board a vessel ; we touched at Algesiras. where I spent.a few. days, and met with a very flattering reception from the then General, the Marquis de Portago ; and:having rendered assistance to my Son, at that time ill in the military hospital, 1 soon found myself at the Isla de Leon, the object and end of my anxious desires. A few days previous to my arrival, the general and extraordinary Cortes had met at that, place, to the great joy of the Spanish nation, who expected from that. wish- ed-for event, a remedy for the evils. under which they groaned. The fond remembrance of that ancient and venerable body, had been ever preserved amongst the Spaniards, with feelings.of, deep and almost religious respect. Thus it was, that as soon as some de- gree of freedom was allowed, for giving vent to opi- nions, long before entertained, even from the year 1808 ; there prevailed a conviction, that abuse of power, favouritism, and the disuse of the old and praiseworthy forms of Government had plunged Spain into an abyss, from which, neither the. sacrifice of the blood, nor. of the fortunes of her children, could extri- cate her ; and there reigned a unanimous desire for the destruction of arbitrary sway,, for. the establishment of fundamental laws to secure the rights of Spaniards, and for the formation of the Cortes, from which every thing was expected, and every blessing anticipated. The provincial Junta, the offspring of circumstances, created by chance, and in the midst of tumults, and de- lighting in the exercise of their uncontrouled power, paid but little attention to public opinion, except when compelled to do so by the necessities of the moment. The central Junta, although it some time afterwards an- nounced the convocation of the Cortes, and began some preparatory labour for that purpose, ever shewed itself too jealous of the authority it exercised, to carry such a convocation into effect, till confidence being lost in con- sequence of so many errors and public misfortunes, and the general clamour increasing, it promulgated at last the much wished-for assembly of the national represen- 7 " att ttt ett it tt th iit tA A = — ——E San sneteietieanacameiit yo � Show less
wr eR OR Er sae ll ee we —— =, Se @¢ " ee, a ee eee, eee ee Oe aes —_— -_-~ 13 tation. But the Council of the Regency still more am- bitious and Show morewr eR OR Er sae ll ee we —— =, Se @¢ " ee, a ee eee, eee ee Oe aes —_— -_-~ 13 tation. But the Council of the Regency still more am- bitious and less disposed towards public liberty, defer- red the remedy as long as it was in their power to do so, and» yielded at last only to the irresistible force of general opinion, which they could no longer withstand, being rendered universally odious by the disasters which assailed the State on every side, and which had nearly brought about its total.ruin. Well did the Spanish na- tion know its critical situation, and finding itself now for the first time after the lapse of so many ages, at li- berty to choose its own representatives, exercised it so judiciously, and with such an earnest and sincere de- sire of success, that neither intrigue nor faction ap-— peared at those elections : so true it is, that in mo- mentous and extreme circumstances, those great moral bodies called Nations, shew a kind of instinct which saves them from impending ruin. 2 ae a The first decrees of the Cortes, were received with universal joy and enthusiasm ; mutual congratulations were heard amongst all the Spaniards ; joy was visible in every countenance, and even in those places held by the enemy, under their very bayonets, thanks were of- fered to the Almighty, in the Temples,with undissembled enthusiasm, for an event which filled the hearts of all with well-founded and flattering hopes, My first care was toattend the Sittings ; and I must confess, that the sight of them, made on me an impres- sion that can never be effaced. The majesty of the place ; the combination of individuals, so respectable for their age, knowledge, and services ; the pure spirit of patriotism which breathed amongst them; the dis- cussion of so many weighty matters, and the zeal for the national welfare and glory, so anxiously manifested ; all these circumstances, together with the consideration that they were perfectly consonant with the desires of the nation, which I had so often heard expressed, filled me with delight and wonder ; and secing in the members of that illustrious assembly the fathers of my country, the defenders of her independence, the avengers of her B � Show less
15 me, by the territorial Junta of the Hoya de Malaga will appear from the certificates of the Secretary of the Spanish Consul at Gibraltar, and of Show more15 me, by the territorial Junta of the Hoya de Malaga will appear from the certificates of the Secretary of the Spanish Consul at Gibraltar, and of many other indivi- duals and municipal corporations. My own native town being freed from the enemy’s armies, after their precipitate retreat from Andalusia, in consequeace of the victory obtained at the Arapiles, near Salamanca, by the illustrious Earl, now Duke of Wellington, I returned thither, and the Body Corperate honeured my patriotism with a certificate, couched in the most flattering terms, ; At that epoch, began the conflict and straggle of con- trary opinions. The numerous classes of parasites with which my country unhappily abounds, seeing in French dominion, the loss of their welfare and comforts, allowed the Cortes to go on in their career of reform as far as they chose, provided they were freed from a foreign sway; which, besides oppressing them, threatened to take away all their advantages, without any hope of re-~ covery. ‘'hose reforms, they knew they could over-. throw at pleasure. Thus it was, that they no sooner thought the danger over, than they breathed freely, and set about to recover their lost rights, usurped privileges and revenues, of which, by the Constitution, and the decrees of the Cortes, they saw themselves deprived. They forgot that the Spanish people, by their heroic constancy, and shedding of their own blood, had acquir= ed rights,which they themselves had deservedly lost, for want of legal titles, and through their own cowardly apathy. Proud, even to madness, in their own arrogant pretensions, they despised those through whose exertions they had triumphed: and only wished, that the reward of so much valour and suffering, and of so many eostly Sacrifices, should be the renewal of that debasement and abjection, in which the Spanish Nation had so long been sunk ; as if it had so hardly fought, with no other view than to preserve their enormous revenues, their gothic rights, their convents, and their absurd, inhuman, and bloody tribunals. | � Show less
—_—— a aeneeilineieeiameeneneenden ein anainememnmeeed enema amend 16 But they were aware that the Cortes, so long the object of the fond predilection Show more—_—— a aeneeilineieeiameeneneenden ein anainememnmeeed enema amend 16 But they were aware that the Cortes, so long the object of the fond predilection of the Spaniards, and likewise of their own praises, could not be openly at- tacked; they knew that the people remembered the glory and happiness, ‘which, in past times, they had en- joyed under its auspices, and the victories which they had obtained since its actual meeting ; .whilst, previous- ly, with equal enthusiasm and far superior means, they had experienced only loss and defeat. ‘They well knew it was notorious to every one, that ,at the time of their extraordinary Cortes being first installed, Spain was little better than nothing, being entirely in the possession of the enemy, and without either Armies or resources, but that now, in the short lapse of two years, the enemy had been driven from the, greater part of the country ; our alliances were well cemented, and an Army had been raised, formidable in numbers, quality and discipline ; and that such was the prevailing confidence, that,-not- withstanding the calamities. attendant on.a destructive war, on the prevailing famine, and on the contagious.sick- ness which had appeared in many places ; still, the enor- mous levies of men and. money, decreed by. the Cortes, had. been effected with a.promptness and accuracy, be- yond example. oe : es ' .They knew all this, but they trusted at the same time in the docility and honesty of the Spanish people, and in their blind and constant devotion, to their King and their Religion ; and to this'weak side they directed their treacherous attack. A rumour was industriously spread by the dexterous emissaries of those obnoxious classes, (supposing that the Cortes, in their reforms, did nothing but copy and agree with the French,) that their mea- sures towards the Clergy affected Religion itself; that over and above those restraints.on the Royal’ power stamped in the Constitution, other new ones were devis- ed in secret, which would depress the dignity of the Crown and sap Monarchy at ‘its very foundations, in a more scandalous manner than Napoleon himself had at- tempted. These ideas, most sedulously spread abroad, did not fail to produce an effect on the incautious and credulous ;-and I was grieved:to. find even in Malaga, � Show less
— 6 —=— 2 SF * aa =— 4.1 3 B23 2S = 32 a = = a Se B eo sea Aa € 14 17 many who looked on the Constitution as heretical ; and on those highly deserving Show more— 6 —=— 2 SF * aa =— 4.1 3 B23 2S = 32 a = = a Se B eo sea Aa € 14 17 many who looked on the Constitution as heretical ; and on those highly deserving Deputies, who supported it, as impious men, and bad patriots ; whilst, on the other hand, they considered those who opposed them as good Spaniards and Catholics. Hence arose those two famous parties “ liberales,” and “ serviles,” whose conflict has brought about the evils, under which Spain is now groan ing, and from which it may never be relieved. To increase my vexation, I discovered, that the long stay of the French had gained over to them many per- sons of rank and good character; who, thinking them- selves superior to the mass of their fellow-citizens in talent and foresight, and inflamed with mad hopes, laughed at, and insulted alternately, both the serviles and liberales. Ihad some serious disagreement with them, considering the serviles as a set of selfish beings, who only thought of living at ease, and in a course of exclu- sive enjoyments, by reducing to slavery an open, gene- rous, and brave people, worthy of a better fate; and the afrancesados as vile traitors, insolent even in their defeat; who still sought to make their country yield to a shameful foreign yoke. I included both parties under the same denomination, looking on them as enemies of my country, whatever might be the difference of their respective opinions. I vowed to them an eternal hatred, which I shall carry dowa to my grave. | Disgusted with this clashing of opinions and pursuits, after having settled my domestic affairs, I left my na- tive place, and removed to Cadiz, where people were more agreed, and where I met with opinions more in conformity with those I comprehended and approved of. In January, 1813, after some very long and warm discussions, the horrid tribunal of the Inquisition was abolished; an institution no less contrary te reason than to religion itself. I was present at those discus- sions, and felt so thoroughly convinced of the justice of that abolition, that I determined to defend it by all the feeble means within my reach; this drew upon me the hatred of fanatics and hypocrites, which was shewn in � Show less
arenas acsichdibhnedeennaieneins einai: anion = Seidler ta nanan eeneenenenieta es eas ee ee . - > - = 8 usually attendant on youth, to which I Show morearenas acsichdibhnedeennaieneins einai: anion = Seidler ta nanan eeneenenenieta es eas ee ee . - > - = 8 usually attendant on youth, to which I might else have been allured by the natural impetuosity of my temper ; but my mind was kept firm and vigorous by dint of continual occupation. The objects which daily met my view, compelled me to reflect in spite of myself. I could not but observe the injustice and arbitrary con- duct of those men, who by their professional duties were called upon to give a better example. I disco- vered that the splendour of the placeman, (so dazzling to my eyes) was commonly purchased at the expense of his honour, and that places and distinctions were ob- tained more through corruption and intrigue than by real merit and public services ; that the Churchman whom I thought devoted to the practice, as well as the doctrine of virtue, made no scruple of forgetting his duty more than once in public, and very often in pri- vate; and that his vast income (the produce of the labourer’s sweat), far from being employed in relieving the indigent, was generally dissipated in extravagance, if not applied to still worse purposes ; that the Monk whose emaciated and penitent countenance used to ex- cite my observation, lost no opportunity of relaxation from those habits of self-denial which public opinion compelled him to make an outward show of; and I began to think it strange, that so many useless indivi- duals should be suffered to press upon the industrious classes of the people. Religion seemed to consist only in ceremonies and show, through which the moral of Jesus Christ was scarcely to be perceived. The exam- ple of a corrupted court was handed down through the higher classes, to the inferior ones; and thus was the contamination spread throughout the unhappy nation, at whose expence thousands profited by the disorder, and nothing was left to the country but oppression, fetters, and extortion on every side. = All these things surprised me ; and being unable to explain them to myself, I came to the conclusion that nothing was as it should be, or that I was greatly in the wrong ; and the latter being the more likely, I almost persuaded myself that such was the case, I began, however, (although my constant occupation kept these � Show less
AN ACCOUNT OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS, &c. My name 1s Pasto: Lorsz ; I was born in the year 1771, in Malaga, a beautiful Town of Andalusia, in Show moreAN ACCOUNT OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS, &c. My name 1s Pasto: Lorsz ; I was born in the year 1771, in Malaga, a beautiful Town of Andalusia, in Spain, where my father had from his youth creditably followed the business of a Carpenter and Cabinet Maker ; my mother was a woman wholly devoted to domestic cares, and whose chief pleasure consisted in the scrupulous performance of her duty both towards God and man. I had scarcely attained the age of ten months when I met with a fall, the results of which, were the dislocation of my thigh and a confirmed lame- ness, which has caused me to be known and distin- guished as the Lame ivian of Malaga. My education was similar to that usually bestowed on youth in my station of life, at that time in Spain; I learnt to read and write, was also taught the first rudiments of Arith- metic and the Catechisms ; but above all, to take off my hat, kneel dowa, and respectfully kiss the hand of every Priest or F:iar I happened to meet, even if he were the last lay brother. _Ata proper.age! was. apprenticed to a Taylor, my physical defect noi allowirg me. to apply myself to'a more active einploymert. At.the age of sixteen, I' got married, and soon became burdened with the cares and anxieties ef. providing fer a numerous: family, with which im 2 few years I was surrounded. The few mo- ments I could devote to relaxation I employed in read- ing history, by which means I became acquainted. with that of my own, and of some foreign countries. To this mode of ‘life, and uninterrupted train of employ- ment, I was indebted for my preservation from the vices � Show less
— SS ean Fae a siitetentemmndaitdnatittl — tins + - : . a 3 eS ee = RP oe No ee Ragas atone = Se eee SS a Oe ee Tarart qementrepepere oh aes SERS ee Show more— SS ean Fae a siitetentemmndaitdnatittl — tins + - : . a 3 eS ee = RP oe No ee Ragas atone = Se eee SS a Oe ee Tarart qementrepepere oh aes SERS ee ee ee 18 various threats and insults, the'former of which I. de- spised, and the latter I did not suffer to pass unpunished. Meanwhile, the Clergy, seeing they had lost the’chief resource upon which they at all times relied, to avenge themselves by means of dark and horrid dungeons, and the cruel and secret tortures of those who presumed’ to question the legality of their ill-acquired rights, and mad with fury on beholding those who endeavoured to enlighten the public mind, freed from their bloody claws, began to make war on the Constitutionalists, and the signal being given by the pope’s nuncio, they threw aside all decency, and even their wonted hypocrisy, and made every corner of the peninsula resound with their abominable cry of Impiety! Heresy! Irreligion! and Atheism! whereby frightening the weak, and fanaticis- ing the bold, they drew numberless forces to the field of battle, and procured immense resources, Sixty thou- sand friars made the pulpits resound daily with the same identical topics; the lamentations of insulted reli- ion, the decrees of Heaven to avenge it, and the sacred pe of exterminating all those who were infected with liberal principles. The Confessional was another and still more efficient instrument, to alarm the consciences, to propagate fanatical principles, to increase division, and to create sedition; thus the unwary began to waver, the indifferent to be moved, the ignorant to give assent, and only men of information and firmness of mind kept to their principles. Unhappily I imitated the latter, for I thereby brought upon myself griefs and vexations which put my firmness to’a severe test, but which, at the same time, shewed that it was not caprice but convic- tion that: had impressed liberal ideas on. my mind. In the beginning of the year 1814, the national Con- gress of the Cortes, and the executive Government, re- moved to Madrid, and [ not wishing to miss my attend- ance on the sittings, went thither also. They were every where received with marks of enthusiastic joy, notwith- .Standing the exertions of the fanatical party, and Madrid -Surpassed all other towns in demonstrations of satisfac- tion, and even went beyond what it had itself exhibited in former instances. ois � Show less
QA Living Memorial CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MEMORIAL BUILDING The Memorial Community Building, however much it may vary in its general plan and Show moreQA Living Memorial CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MEMORIAL BUILDING The Memorial Community Building, however much it may vary in its general plan and facilities in different towns and cities, should be dignified, beautiful and in- viting. This is not too high an ideal to be attained even in a community house of the most unassuming pro- portions, because the architecture of public buildings, unlike other forms of public art, has made rapid progress ~ in America. We have reached the stage where the average town or city will be able to achieve a building of good taste, beauty, and appropriateness to purpose. And not alone must the idea of beauty be incorporated into the build- ing itself, so that it speaks forth from the very stones of its structure, but the innate sense of beauty which we, in the newness of our national life, have done little to develop, must be cherished and fostered within its walls. Local music, painting, drama and literature should, in music clubs, in home talent exhibitions—and, yes, in a writers’ corner, find here such encouragement as they never found before. Thus, on its aesthetic side the _ building will bring into the lives of those it serves that “loveliness which is loved forever,” unchanging except to increase with the passing of time. The building is to be a memorial. By its very nature it must record the names and deeds of all who served, and especially those who gave their lives in the cause. There may be a hall of fame, embracing, together with the more personal records, a war museum of exhibits, trophies, battle flags, and other physical evidence of the tragic, glorious conflict. The larger buildings may con- 3 � Show less
Community Buildings as War Memorials man type, the majority of those erected would fail of thei, lofty purpose, and would in the main serve only to in Show moreCommunity Buildings as War Memorials man type, the majority of those erected would fail of thei, lofty purpose, and would in the main serve only to in- crease the amount of uninspiring public art which re. mains from other wars. Does not some form of memorial building offer a better way of keeping alive our sacred memories, of perpetuating the principles which animated the sacri- fices of our boys? A community house, a home o! democracy, a physical center in and out of which may flow all the vital currents of community life—would not that constitute a “living memorial” suitable to our present-day ideas? It could fitly be dedicated to the use of the returning men as well as to the memory of those who will not return. Statistics show that 96 per cent. of all the boys who went overseas have come back to us. To these and to the civilians the community house would furnish a per- manent means of conserving the fine “get together” spirit that was so apparent in the social buildings and huts within the camps, and in the service clubs, can- teens, and other meeting-places wherever uniformed men “went to town.” The war has taught soldiers and civilians the meaning of organized friendliness. The man who has resumed his civilian clothing and activi- ties will not cease to appreciate or expect friendly service, nor will those civilians in every community who labored so hard to re-establish home ties for uniformed men be willing to go back to the old, narrow routine of self-centered interest. � Show less