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Title: Community Buildings as War Memorials - Bulletin Number 2, p. 2
Text: Community Buildings as War Memorials A series of bulletins published by the Bureau of Memorial Buildings of War Camp Community Service, 124 East 28th
Show moreCommunity Buildings as War Memorials A series of bulletins published by the Bureau of Memorial Buildings of War Camp Community Service, 124 East 28th Street, New York, N.Y. Number 2 ! 1919 QQ Living Memorial ANNOUNCEMENT The National Committee on Memorial Buildings, established to assist in the promotion and guidance of the nation-wide movement to erect Community Buildings as war memorials, has merged its activities with those of War Camp Community Service. This Com- | mittee, composed of one hundred representative men and women from all parts of the country, has become the Advisory Committee on | Memorial Buildings of War Community Service. | The Bureau of Memorial Buildings is designed to serve as a clearing-house of information and service in regard to planning, erecting and administering community houses, auditoriums, recrea- tion centers and other “living” memorials. The Bureau does not undertake to erect or finance memorials anywhere; but by means of bulletins, exhibits, speakers and personal advisory service, it is ready to aid state and municipal memorial committees. The Bureau, through its Advisory Committee and through co- operation with national community service bodies, art and archi- tectural associations, etc., has brought together a large amount of expert opinion and knowledge concerning community buildings. This material is being published in the series of Bulletins entitled “Com- munity Buildings as War Memorials.” A list of these publications appears on the back cover. NOTE:—The article which appears in this Bulletin under the title “A Living Memorial” is based on a pamphlet called “Suggestions for a Living Memorial,’ published by War Camp Community Service in March, 1919, and reprinted as Bulletin No. 2 of the National Committee on Memorial Buildings, — ¥ �
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Title: Community Buildings as War Memorials - Bulletin Number 2, p. 6
Text: w Winning Design in Competition for Memorial Community Building to be Built in Plymouth, Mass. Little @ Russell, Architects. tain a chapel with votive
Show morew Winning Design in Competition for Memorial Community Building to be Built in Plymouth, Mass. Little @ Russell, Architects. tain a chapel with votive tablets and memorial windows where family or friends may for a while go apart from the crowd to linger with the memory of their departed. One of the largest reported projects is of a community auditorium to have a great bronze star with an electric light representing each fallen hero, and these will burn without ceasing. Apart from its memorial feature, the building will hold many pleasure-giving facilities, for it will be de- signed to serve varied social and community interests and to be a general gathering-place for the young and light-hearted as well as the older and the more serious. Employers and employed, Republicans and Democrats, Catholics, Protestants, Jews, men, women and children , 4 �
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Title: Community Buildings as War Memorials - Bulletin Number 2, p. 3
Text: Veranda of the Mosswood Recreation Center, Oakland, Calif. Q Living Memorial 77 QW shall we pay tribute to our heroes of this war! It has been well
Show moreVeranda of the Mosswood Recreation Center, Oakland, Calif. Q Living Memorial 77 QW shall we pay tribute to our heroes of this war! It has been well said that the erection of statues and shafts, arches and mausoleums rightly be- longed to the old era of struggle for physical supremacy. Certain it is that such monuments, even the best of them, fail to symbolize the idea of service to humanity and the ideals of brotherhood we now seek to perpetuate. So little progress has been made in memorial art, more- over, when compared with progress in other fields, that should the thousands of communities now turning their ~ attention to the provision of memorials decide upon this 1 ee �
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Title: Community Buildings as War Memorials - Bulletin Number 2, p. 1
Text: Bulletin Number Two a Libing emorial Entrance Piaitoaia Boston Liberty ACemorial Bureau of Memorial Buildings sel Tar Camp Community 4 Srerbice &
Show moreBulletin Number Two a Libing emorial Entrance Piaitoaia Boston Liberty ACemorial Bureau of Memorial Buildings sel Tar Camp Community 4 Srerbice & �
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Title: Community Buildings as War Memorials - Bulletin Number 2, p. 24
Text: Community Buildings as GHar Memorials democratic social meeting-place in the heart of the city would be out of keeping with its environment; though if
Show moreCommunity Buildings as GHar Memorials democratic social meeting-place in the heart of the city would be out of keeping with its environment; though if built by the people of a certain section of the city, it would serve that section much as the community house proper serves the smaller town, and it would make for the return of the old neighborhood spirit that was so de- lightful a thing in pioneer days. Such projects are re- ceiving consideration in several of the larger cities. But a large city’s central memorial building would necessarily be planned primarily for large civic needs and would take the form of a municipal auditorium, perhaps including an art gallery or peoples’ opera house. More than one city’s memorial committee, having started recently with the idea of such a building, has already enlarged it into a civic center or “Victory Square” with beautiful and spacious parks around the auditoriums, including ultimate plans for other build- ings, such as a fine arts building, a city hall, etc., to be added at some time in the future. In the small town the problem of deciding upon the most fitting type of building is comparatively simple. In addition to serving public needs, the house may, as heretofore stated, be the headquarters of such organiza- tions as the American Legion, Spanish War Veterans, GA Roth Ci¥e DA: RR. Ue DeC, Chamber of Com- merce, Rotary Club, Kiwanis Club, Civic League, Wo- men’s Literary Society, Red Cross Chapter, Associated Charities, Y. M.C. A., Y. W. C. A., Knights of Colum- bus, Y. M. H. A., Federated Labor Council, Grange, Farmers’ Cooperative Association, City Council, School 22 �
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Title: Community Buildings as War Memorials - Bulletin Number 2, p. 18
Text: Community Buildings as THar Memorials ical education school law has recently become effective, it may be desirable to use the gymnasium of the com-
Show moreCommunity Buildings as THar Memorials ical education school law has recently become effective, it may be desirable to use the gymnasium of the com- munity house for certain daily periods for school pur- poses, but such use should always be made under the supervision of a physical director. Exception to calis- thenics and set forms of exercise is made in all such practical physical development systems, as Walter Camp’s “daily dozen.” These, dutifully practiced by so many professional men and women in their homes, may be expected to regain the group interest they at- tracted when first adopted by the members of the Cab- inet in Washington, and will be given added zest where ex-sailors are present to keep up the standards of the Navy in their practice. | : A program of handcraft activities, substituting or sup- plementing that given for wounded men will prove an attractive addition to the educational activities. Arts and crafts societies. all over the country have demon- strated the extent to which crafts work may be developed by amateurs, and it has been the experience of many playground directors that the parents and other older folks welcome an opportunity to participate in basketry, wood carving, kite-making, etc., as well as in sewing, carpentry, and the simple forms of manual training. In the study of agricultural and horticultural sub- — jects, which in many places will center at the community house, the Government will offer great assistance. Not only does the Department of Agriculture furnish printed booklets dealing with every phase of these subjects, but in many places the farm demonstrator will be available for talks and consultation. 16 �
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Title: Community Buildings as War Memorials - Bulletin Number 2, p. 20
Text: Community Buildings as Car Memorials drama, paintings, etc., which heretofore have been largely reserved for the pleasure of a favored few, must be
Show moreCommunity Buildings as Car Memorials drama, paintings, etc., which heretofore have been largely reserved for the pleasure of a favored few, must be made accessible to all. Community singing, permanently established during the war, besides continuing to act as a promoter of good fellowship and an excellent medium for bringing people together, has already begun to make a valuable con- tribution to American music in surprising ways. Wher- ever it has been definitely organized, community choruses, orchestras, bands, and glee clubs have been formed and unsuspected talent uncovered. Some lead- ers report that the development of spontaneous leader- — ship in neighborhood and group sings is a phenomenon sometimes as surprising to the volunteer himself as to the crowd. The community entertainment committee, whose business it will be to plan weekly, monthly, and special entertainments, musicales, concerts, etc., open to the whole community, will be able to make good use of all available musical talent, which too often hereto- fore has lacked the encouragement of an appreciative audience. A theatre auditorium and stage designed by an ex- pert, rooms with walls especially arranged and lighted for exhibition purposes, and an assembly-room designed for musical recitals, can in many cases be incorporated into the plans of the building. When there is local in- terest in the drama as an art, the community house theatres, in addition to being the home of first-class “movie” shows, would provide homes for the local “little 18 (, �
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Title: Community Buildings as War Memorials - Bulletin Number 2, p. 23
Text: Q Living Memorial FITTING THE MEMORIAL TO THE CITY The needs of one community are not the needs of another. American communities, indeed, differ in
Show moreQ Living Memorial FITTING THE MEMORIAL TO THE CITY The needs of one community are not the needs of another. American communities, indeed, differ in character almost as much as they do in size. It is there- fore obvious that no general plan can be evolved, and no one type of building can be advocated by an outside agency. Rather, the building must be designed to meet specific needs. Just what these are will be best de- termined by a comprehensive survey, made preferably by a trained investigator who will understand how to bring together all pertinent facts bearing upon the prob- lem. Some of the outstanding facts to be determined are: the existing social institutions which meet community needs, their facilities and character, and the extent and breadth of their appeal; the commercial recreation centers, the character, diversity, and distribution of the population; the financial resources of the community; the city statutes governing buildings, and the control of social institutions. A detailed outline for such a survey (put in the form of a list of questions) is in- cluded in Bulletin Number 3 of this series, issued by the Bureau of Memorial Buildings. The result of such a survey will show that the big city offers one problem and the little town another. In the large city a central building housing all the com- munity social activities is out of the question. The Y. M. C. A., the theatres, the commercial “movie” palaces, the libraries, the clubs, the settlement houses, etc., fairly meet certain needs. Moreover, a home-like 21 �
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Title: Community Buildings as War Memorials - Bulletin Number 2, p. 22
Text: ~ Community Buildings as Tar Memorials heretofore been centered exclusively in a few large cities. Already such organizations as the American
Show more~ Community Buildings as Tar Memorials heretofore been centered exclusively in a few large cities. Already such organizations as the American Federation of Arts and the Art Alliance of America have been in- terested in a plan to send out to community houses half a dozen exhibits each year. These traveling exhibitions would be representative of the best that American artists are creating in painting, sculpture, crafts work, in- dustrial arts, design, etc. They would reach a far wider audience than is now reached under any existing circuit or extension system. They would, indeed, make the best in art available to every community which has a community house and a responsible committee to han- dle the exhibits. By exhibits of local work, too, much could be accomplished in encouraging and developing the talent of resident artists and craftsmen. Permanent art exhibits would be added in time. By. sending out a questionnaire to all the people of the community, the Community House Committee can determine what specific activities will be of greatest in- terest. The recipient is asked to check from a printed list the forms of recreation in which he or she would take active part. Local directors of Community Service, Inc., have tried out such a scheme with great success, the demand for the formation of new tennis, billiard and bowling clubs, and dancing, music, and study clubs of various sorts coming from all ages and conditions of people. , | rs ee �
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Title: Community Buildings as War Memorials - Bulletin Number 2, p. 19
Text: Q Libing Memorial Proposed Me- morial Build- ing to be erect- ed in connec- tion with the Memorial Playground at Frankford, Philadelphia, Pa. WilliamF
Show moreQ Libing Memorial Proposed Me- morial Build- ing to be erect- ed in connec- tion with the Memorial Playground at Frankford, Philadelphia, Pa. WilliamF. Gray, Archi- tect. Those in charge of the library or reading-room, which will find a place in most community houses, should get a complete catalog from the Government Printing Office, through which all manner of valuable printed material may be obtained either gratis or at a small cost. Such a library will render valuable service to the schools, as indeed will the entire community building with its fa- cilities, moving picture machines, and temporary and permanent art exhibits. ART ACTIVITIES There is a peculiar fitness in bringing the arts into the memorial program: if the war has really destroyed the old materialism and brought us an appreciation of things spiritual, then the arts, which in their highest form are essentially spiritual and creative, must have place in any balanced plan for the future. If the war has been one for democracy, then surely the music, 17 �
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Title: Community Buildings as War Memorials - Bulletin Number 2, p. 21
Text: FA Living Memorial Billiard Room in the Com- munity House, La Jolla, Cal. theatre” groups which are doing so much to bring dra- matic art back into
Show moreFA Living Memorial Billiard Room in the Com- munity House, La Jolla, Cal. theatre” groups which are doing so much to bring dra- matic art back into the lives of the people. In them a new sort of community drama would soon develop; and this would also give impetus to the allied pageantry movement. It is not unlikely that circuits will be ar- ranged so that there could be an exchange of community theatre companies from town to town and special pro- grams to be given outdoors in rural communities. In- cidentally, with a nation-wide chain of community movie shows it does not seem too much to hope that we may eventually create a demand for more artistic mo- tion picture dramas. : By providing a room especially designed for art exhi- bitions or by arranging wall space properly lighted in one of the assembly rooms, much can be done towards bringing to the small town. some of the art life which has 19 �
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Title: Community Buildings as War Memorials - Bulletin Number 2, p. 17
Text: A Living Memorial cd A Children’s Christmas Banquet at the Community House, La Jolla, Calif. This educational work has been limited by the lack of
Show moreA Living Memorial cd A Children’s Christmas Banquet at the Community House, La Jolla, Calif. This educational work has been limited by the lack of working centers. The community house will allow of its further development. There are thousands of women all over the country who became food specialists in military hospitals, canteens, clubs, etc., during the war, and who may naturally be expected to assume leadership in such programs, which may readily develop into child-feeding and school lunch experiment stations. Physical education activities in the community pro- gram will normally be included under the head of re- creation, since dull routine exercises are largely a thing of the past, except when they come under the head of corrective athletics. Where the new compulsory phys- 15 �
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Title: Community Buildings as War Memorials - Bulletin Number 2, p. 16
Text: Community Buildings as Gar Memorials Garfield Lodge, a Social and Recreational Center in a City Park, at Grand Rapids, Mich. Food study groups and
Show moreCommunity Buildings as Gar Memorials Garfield Lodge, a Social and Recreational Center in a City Park, at Grand Rapids, Mich. Food study groups and domestic science classes under the auspices of women’s clubs, government demonstra- tion agents, etc., will in many places make the com- munity kitchen a practical asset. With the present world shortage of food, cooperative buying, cooking and canning merit careful study. Uneducated and un- trained mothers of families living in poorer sections of some of our cities have benefited greatly by coming to- gether in experiment kitchens, working under expert guidance, and carrying home with them products of their work which has cost them only the price of the raw material. | | 14 is F a : oF �
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Title: Community Buildings as War Memorials - Bulletin Number 2, p. 11
Text: Q@ Living Memorial be complete without reference to the importance of wide verandas. They add, moreover, the all-important touch of homelike
Show moreQ@ Living Memorial be complete without reference to the importance of wide verandas. They add, moreover, the all-important touch of homelike attractiveness from an architectural point of view. Terraces and loggias are also features which may add greatly to the charm of the community building. | , RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES The more exacting modern life becomes, the more we realize the necessity for simple play, diversion, and or- ganized physical recreation. This is true not only for the man or woman at an office desk, but for the home and farm worker as well. We have just begun to sus- pect the place that folk-dancing and folk-games may play in community life, especially where various groups of foreign-born citizens appear in the costume of their native lands and in the dances and games of their fore- fathers. In addition to these, all sorts of physical re- creation activities for men and women may center around a gymnasium and a swimming-pool, billiard table, bowling alley and “rough house” room. The soldier will have pride in keeping up his high attainment of physical perfection and will furnish poten- tial leadership for a wide development of mass sports, athletics, and simple laughter-provoking games. Here is offered a splendid chance for the development of league tournaments, of business men’s and laboring men’s volley ball, indoor baseball, and bowling teams, which do so much to promote the spirit of comradeship among trade competitors. Here the growing girls and mature women may enjoy recreation facilities so much needed and so seldom found. They are eager to join 9 �
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Title: Community Buildings as War Memorials - Bulletin Number 2, p. 13
Text: FA Libing Memorial — who went to war. If space permits, the playgrounds may provide for croquet, tennis, quoits, football, basket ball, baseball, etc.
Show moreFA Libing Memorial — who went to war. If space permits, the playgrounds may provide for croquet, tennis, quoits, football, basket ball, baseball, etc. Army training has converted clerks, sales- men, and street-car conductors into lovers of sport. Twilight athletic leagues are certain to prove popular. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES Lyceums, Chautauquas, educational films, illustrated lectures on current topics, even university extension — courses made possible through the cooperation of the local school board, may well be given an important place in the programs of almost every community. World history and international politics are among the sub- _ jects which may be expected to claim the attention of all-intelligent people for some time to come. Where better than in open forums and public debates, wisely directed, can our country be made safe for de- mocracy? Such forums, where study topics may be re- viewed, and where all phases of momentous national problems may be discussed from every point of view, will perpetuate the spirit of the old town meetings of our sturdy pioneer days and help to keep democracy safe for the world. Where else will a community school of thought and expression be developed? What other fac- tor may be more powerful in bringing to our new citizens the meaning and the pride of citizenship? Every community house dedicated to democracy and to the promotion of sound Americanism will naturally be the centre for those citizenship activities which have itherto received the name “Americanization.” Facili- ies may properly be provided for: administrative ac- �
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Title: Community Buildings as War Memorials - Bulletin Number 2, p. 15
Text: AQ Living Memorial a civic program, to the Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce, Boston, Mass. The community will have no greater responsibility than
Show moreAQ Living Memorial a civic program, to the Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce, Boston, Mass. The community will have no greater responsibility than the re-education service to wounded soldiers, and yet it is a work in which valuable assistance will be given from many sources. College courses and university ex- tension courses are made possible by the Government for men who can take advantage of them, and the Red Cross, the Knights of Columbus and other big national bodies are carrying out-comprehensive courses in crafts- manship, etc., for which the building may provide local headquarters. PUBLIC HEALTH EDUCATION Public health education may well center in the com- munity house. Peculiar problems are developing in relation to the returned soldier. Continuation treat- ment for shell-shock patients and those suffering from other war neuroses, should be a matter for thoughtful consideration. Overseas nurses and physicians, students of psychotherapy, and others with special training should be organized wherever possible to advise with the families of such patients. If necessary, a local com- mittee including at least two physicans, should give at- tention to protecting the patients from such common misunderstanding as results in their being classed with the insane, a stigma from which a sensitive man may never recover. Much valuable information on this sub- ject, prepared for lay persons, is available. Popular health lectures, free clinics and community nurses, are being provided for in many community centers. 13 �
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Title: Community Buildings as War Memorials - Bulletin Number 2, p. 8
Text: Community Buildings as War Memorials welfare bureaus. To these activities may be added many others, less clearly outgrowths of the war, but equally
Show moreCommunity Buildings as War Memorials welfare bureaus. To these activities may be added many others, less clearly outgrowths of the war, but equally important as forces for community betterment and inspiration. The following program includes many activities which have been carried on successfully in community houses already in existence. It applies in general to the possibilities of the town or neighborhood community house rather than the more formal memorial auditorium of a larger city. The outline is intended to be inspira- tional and suggestive, rather than an arbitrary scheme offered wholesale to communities seeking guidance; but some of the five main lines into which it falls may be developed advantageously in almost every community. These are: civic, social, recreational, educational, art. CIVIC AND PATRIOTIC ACTIVITIES Surprisingly few cities or towns have adequate meet- ing-places for their non-political municipal activities. Mass meetings, large patriotic gatherings, etc., have to _ depend for the most part on borrowed churches or schoo! houses or rented theatres. The auditorium and as- sembly-rooms of the community house will not only fill the need but will encourage the freer coming-together of large and small groups of people for discussions of civic and general interest matters. Small rooms will be available for committee meetings and for the use of civic improvement clubs, public health and sanitation commissions, “better babies” bureaus, and kindred pur- poses. os Many non-partisan, non-sectarian organizations will : , �
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Title: Community Buildings as War Memorials - Bulletin Number 2, p. 9
Text: Q Living Memorial logically find their home in the community — house. There is a peculiar fitness in its being the headquarters for the American
Show moreQ Living Memorial logically find their home in the community — house. There is a peculiar fitness in its being the headquarters for the American Legion, as for Community Service, the Red Cross, and similar bodies. The Chamber of Com- merce, the Rotary Club, the Kiwanis Club, the Boy Scouts, and other organizations promoting better com- munity life, may by special provision have their head- quarters here also. The Grange, the county welfare commission, the farm demonstrators, and whatever bodies represent the joint interests of the town and the surrounding country, or of the county as a whole, or tend to bring about a closer understanding between the farmer and the business man, should be specifically provided for. An information bureau may be included in the facilities of the building unless already conducted by the Chamber of Commerce or other agencies. Cer- tainly there should be rest-rooms and comfort stations for men and for women. A SOCIAL CENTER Under social activities come the community parties which in many localities may include the non-com- mercial dances. The building hostess and a committee of aides should preside at these gatherings. War Camp Community Service was the official agency through which camp towns demonstrated during the war the success with which such activities can be carried on, and how much they can contribute to a genuine and abiding community spirit. The proper introduction of partici- pants and the rules under which such social meetings may be conducted successfully, are problems which were 7 �
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Title: Community Buildings as War Memorials - Bulletin Number 2, p. 7
Text: Q@ Living Memorial of all ages, will meet in the community house on equal footing. | Common needs not otherwise met will be provided here. Every
Show moreQ@ Living Memorial of all ages, will meet in the community house on equal footing. | Common needs not otherwise met will be provided here. Every community should have a central meeting- place bearing more than a casual relation to the popu- lation as a whole, for the celebration of civic festivals, the unofficial or social inaugural of municipal and state officials; for community sings, receptions to distin- guished guests of the city, meetings to welcome new citizens, whether enfranchised by naturalization, by legislation or by virtue of a recent, long-anticipated birthday; and, especially in the case of smaller towns, for a whole round of recreational activities, dramatic and art interests, and educational.programs. One of the first functions of a community house would be to provide this general meeting-place. In planning the recreational facilities of a community memorial building, it is necessary to consider the needs of all the groups of the community—adults, young people, and children, as well as the existing facilities offered by schools, churches, clubs, and kindred or- ganizations. While no group should be neglected, dupli- cation of already existing service is naturally to be avoided. ACTIVITIES CENTERING’ AT A MEMORIAL BUILDING As a “living memorial” the community building will find its most appropriate and, perhaps, most important function in carrying on the war-time ideals of service and democracy, through the centering there of the ac- tivities of war veterans’ societies, civic organizations and 5 �
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Title: Community Buildings as War Memorials - Bulletin Number 2, p. 14
Text: Community Buildings as CHar Memorials The Commu- nity House at Perry Point, Md. Mann & MacNeille, Architects. tivities in connection with the
Show moreCommunity Buildings as CHar Memorials The Commu- nity House at Perry Point, Md. Mann & MacNeille, Architects. tivities in connection with the movement; adult classes in English; lectures in American history and institu- tions; classes preparing candidates for naturalization; a naturalization ceremony or civic ritual and reception to new voters, both foreign and native-born; pageants featuring the contribution of the foreign-born to Amer- ica, and, reciprocally, the privileges offered by American friendship; dances and social meetings arranged to bring the foreign-born and native-born into friendly con- tact; exhibits of the arts and crafts of the foreign-born; health programs and demonstrations in domestic oe arranged especially for the benefit of the foreign orn. , “Better Citizenship” committees will find many ex- cellent suggestions by applying to the Director of Amer- icanization, Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C., or, for a good example of 12 = + �
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