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Title: World War I Service Record for Frank Anson Churchill, p. 2
Date: 0192-05-15
Text: WAR RECORD Entered service on: 6 May 1917 at Fort Sheridan, Illinois , as a: Candidate for Commission in the: Artillery, Field section of the:
Show moreWAR RECORD Entered service on: 6 May 1917 at Fort Sheridan, Illinois , as a: Candidate for Commission in the: Artillery, Field section of the: National Army or in the: Assigned originally to: (or) Trained or stationed before going to Europe: - School, camp, station, ship From: (date) to: (date) 1st R.O.T.C., Fort Sheriden From: 6 May 1917 (date) to: 15 Aug. 1917 (date) Transferred to: - Company Regiment Division Ship Date New Location Promoted to:- Commissioned 2nd Lieutenant F.A.U.S.R. 15 Aug. 1917 Embarked from: Hoboken, N.J. on: Kroonland About 10 Sept. 1917 and arrived at: Liverpool, England about 1 Oct. 1917 Proceeded from: Liverpool to: Southampton immediately From: Southampton to: Le Havre immediately From: Le Havre to: Saumur, near Angers about Oct. 2nd Trained or stationed abroad:- Country Place From(date) to(date) France, Field Artillery School of Instruction, From 4 Oct. 1917 (date) to 13 April 1918 (date) France, Vincennes, Heavy Artillery Tractor School, From 13 April 1918 (date) to 18 May 1918(date) St. Emilion, France, 60 Art C.A.C. From 18 May 1918 (date) to 14 July 1918 (date) Libourne, France, 57 Art C.A.C. From 14 July 1918 (date) to 7 Sept. 1918 (date) NOTE-Write additional information on separate sheet of same size.
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Title: World War I Service Record for Frank Anson Churchill, p. 1
Date: 0192-05-15
Text: Note - This document is to be bound and preserved as a permanent record. Please fill it out completely, accurately, and neatly, either in ink or by
Show moreNote - This document is to be bound and preserved as a permanent record. Please fill it out completely, accurately, and neatly, either in ink or by typewriter. Leave blank space where nothing is to be entered. Wesleyan University Service Record Compiled by the Wesleyan Alumni Council, to be printed in book form, originals to be filed in The Wesleyan Library as a permanent memorial of the deeds of Wesleyan men in the service of the United States or Allied governments during the World War. This questionnaire should be completed so far as possible and sent at once, with photographs and additional notes and letters, to the Wesleyan Alumni Council, Middletown, Conn. Name in full: Churchill (family name) Frank (first name) Anson (middle names) Class: 1912 Date of birth: November 21, 1899 Place of birth: Southington (town) (county) Conn. (state) U.S.A. (country) Name of father: Jay Anson Churchill Birthplace: U.S.A. Maiden name of mother: Jennie F. Edwards Birthplace: U.S.A. Relatives who are Wesleyan men, and class: Prepared for college at: New Britain High School, New Britain, Conn. Entered college: 1910 ; graduated (or left): 1912 Fraternity: Phi [?] Alpha (Syracuse) ; Class Societies: Academic degrees: B.S. (degree) Wesleyan Univ. (institution) 1912 (date) Honors and distinctions after graduation Married: to Lillian R. Dowdell (maiden name) of Baltimore on 21 Dec. 1921(date) Children: (name) born (date) Occupation before entry into service: Engineer ; employer: Western Electric Company Residence before entry into the service: 6909 Thirty-Fourth St. (street number) Berwyn (town) Cook Co. (county) Ill. Present address: 730 Carpenter Av. (street number) (town) (county) (state) Permanent address: (street number) Oak Park (town) (county) Illinois (state) NOTE - Write additional information on separate sheet of same size.
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Title: World War I Service Record for Frank Anson Churchill, p. 3
Date: 0192-05-15
Text: WAR RECORD First went into action St. Mihiel Participated in the following engagements, and in what capacity St. Mihiel Meuse-Argonne 25 Sept. 1918 to
Show moreWAR RECORD First went into action St. Mihiel Participated in the following engagements, and in what capacity St. Mihiel Meuse-Argonne 25 Sept. 1918 to 11 November 1918 Cited, decorated, or otherwise honored for distinguished services (give circumstantial accounts of exploits including dates and places where performed, also by whom and in what manner the honors were bestowed): Killed in action, killed by accident, died of wounds, died of disease, wounded, gassed, shell-shocked, taken prisoner: Nature of casualty Place Date Under medical care:- Name of hospital Location From (date) to (date) Base Hospital No. 8, Savenay, From 7 November 1917 (date) to 19 Jan 1918 (date) Permanently disabled (through loss of limb, eyesight, etc.) Arrived at: Hoboken on West Virginia 14 Jan 1918 from Brest Located at: Fort Hancock engaged in: Located at engaged in till Discharged from service at: Fort Hancock, 25 Jan. 1919 as a: 2nd Lieut F.A. (rank) (unit) RETURN TO CIVIL LIFE Occupation after the war: Engineer If a change of occupation was occasioned by reason of disability acquired in the service, describe the process of re-education and readjustment, and indicate the agencies or individuals chiefly instrumental in furnishing the new occupation. NOTE-Write additional information on separate sheet of same size.
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Title: World War I Service Record for Frank Anson Churchill, p. 4
Date: 0192-05-15
Text: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION What was your attitude toward military service in general and toward your call in particular? I went with the First Ill.
Show moreADDITIONAL INFORMATION What was your attitude toward military service in general and toward your call in particular? I went with the First Ill. Artillery in 1916 to the Border in order to prepare for the expected Great war. What were the mental and physical effects of your army experience on yourself? Some effects that were mental I noticed for two years after discharge from the service. What elements of your college life and work were most valuable to you in service? The ground work I had in science I found particularly valuable while I was taking instruction from French engineers in heavy artillery, and thereafter, as well of course. What is your present feeling regarding universal military training, etc.? I am convinced of the necessity of universal military service in the United States; it would not cause only our foreign problems to vanish, but it would so make for better citizenry that many of our acute internal troubles which now result as many think from too high a proportion of foreign born would not arise. If you took part in the fighting, what impressions were made upon you by this experience? I can not say anything trite in this matter. Photographs-If possible, enclose one taken before entering the service and one taken afterwards in uniform, both signed and dated - also interesting snapshots taken in camps or overseas. A likeness to be mailed later. Additional data, Signed at: Oak Park, Illinois on: 15 March 1922 Frank Anson Churchill, Civilian The information contained in the record, unless otherwise indicated, was obtained from the following persons or sources: NOTE-Write additional information on separate sheet of same size.
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Title: Sermons in Latin : manuscript
Date: 1400
Notes: Manuscript volume of 87 sermons written on parchment; 30 lines to the page with occasional red or blue initials ; each page handnumbered in ms., Pricking holes visible. Ruling patterns visible., Some marginalia., Probably copied in England in the fifteenth century (dating based on use of pagination and heavy use of abbreviations)., "Dr Adam Clarke, who examined this manuscript, supposed it to have been written about the beginning of the 14th century. It consists of sermons, &e. &e., J. Everett, Manchester, Sept. 9th 1831"--notation, front flyleaf., Imperfect: beginning and end. Pages 307-8 wanting. Lower right edge of page 233-4 torn with loss of text. Page 182 blank., "Ipso expositis a nobis indigent expone sed admoniente cum sanctum gregorium"--first line of text, p. 49.

Title: Augustus W. Smith Papers, 1832-1859
Date: 1832

Title: An account of the criminal proceedings carried on in Spain in 1814 against the patriot Pablo Lopez : commonly known as the Lame Man of Malaga : with some detailed information respecting his life.
Creator: Pablo Lopez
Date: 1832
Text: �oor aapinnretaitne enema pinnae lei 0 te Venue Sue — . LIBRARY oe to. BEALES COLLECTION E SCA a WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY C1.6% � z �� AN ACCOUNT OF THE
Show more�oor aapinnretaitne enema pinnae lei 0 te Venue Sue — . LIBRARY oe to. BEALES COLLECTION E SCA a WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY C1.6% � z �� AN ACCOUNT OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS CARRIED ON IN SPAIN, In 1814, AGAINST THE PATRIOT PABLO LOPBS3 COMMONLY KNOWN AS ES RIBAS ARS ER RR a pe ne Sebamed . ~e a Se esoee THE LAME MAN OF MALAGA; With some detailed Information RESPECTING HIS LIFE. Hevsey: PRINTED BY P. PAYN, ROYAL SALOON, BRITISH PRESS OFFICE. 1832. � | "| 5 nt ome cnn �Nanencge? wlll * —s ces 934439 TO THE British Nation. od OD dir It is with the most lively feelings of ever- lasting gratitude that the Spanish citizen Paut Lopez presumes to dedicate to you the following brief statement of his services, persecutions, and sufferings, for the inde- pendence and liberty of his beloved country. Grateful, not only for the liberal and gene- rous asylum which Spaniards have found on your hospitable shores, and which they would in vain have sought in any other country, but also for having been twice saved from an untimely death through the intervention of your ambassador at Madrid, first in 1815, when actually on the road to the place of execution, and subsequently in 1823, when the French army enabled de- spotism to rear once more its hideous head in the Peninsula, he witha number of dis- tinguished Patriots was again rescued from death by being given by you the means of subsistence. PAUL LOPEZ. May \1th, 1832. � f > ee y 5 \ 5 ; � INTRODUCTION. ai BBO tr” In thus obtruding myself upon the Public, I am not actuated by the idea that my sul- ferings and persecutions, (although indeed of a most exponen kind), have been sreater than those which other individuals have undergone ; but the scandalous pro- ceedings which were instituted against me, having attracted public attention in a very particular manner, not only in my own coun- try, but also in other nations, it becomes me to correct whatever mistaken ideas may have been formed on the subject, by giving a clear and circumstancial account of those transac- tions in which I was coucerned ; and I hum- bly conceive I have as great a right as any other individual, to give to my contempora- ries and to posterity, a relation of events, which have excited the surprise of the for- mer, and will prebably call forth that of the latter. Itis true, that in my narrative, no great and extraordinary events will be met with, as the humble station in life in which I was placed, prevented me from taking any active part in those occurrences which have agitated Spain ever since my childhood ; yet I trust it will not be found wholly destitute � FoR ape et eo II Raa SOE UREA OU VO EAC of interest by the man of feeling and reflec- tion. It will show on one hand, to what a height political fury is sometimes carried, and how wretched is the lot of those nations which fall under despotic sway: whilst on the other hand, it holds up to view a poor plain mechanic, who, without either the ad- vantages of education or any particular sti- mulation, raised himself by habits of medi- tation, and by listening to men of informa- tion, to that degrée of knowledge from which he was, by his situation, far removed ; he will be seen, though brought up amid the de- structive habits of ignorance and oppression, imbibing the love of liberty, resolutely sacri- ficing in the service of his country, his pro- perty, his comforts, and even his only son ; sincerely embracing the Constitutional cause, because he thought it advantageous to his country ; defending it as much as lay im his power, undeterred by the threats, insults and excesses of a contrary party, fearful on ac- count of their number, influence; and re- sources ; enduring, unassisted, every kind of perescu tion: pointed out as a victim to the ury of the conquering party; and lastly, led almost to the foot of the gallows, from which he was only rescued, to be sent to serve per- perualiy as a Galley-slave ; preserving throughout his character and principles firm and unshaken ; although a single word ut- tered during his trial, would certaitily have saved him. �Lil God forbid that I should entertain any idea of vain glory! I never stood alone in my sufferings, nor have others endured theirs with less constancy ; even in my own sphere, other patriots, more unfortunate than my- self, have left no room for me to aim at sin- gularity, thus confuting the erroneous, but common opinion, that no elevation of mind, or any thing beyond the unaspiring virtues — of the vulgar, could ever be met with in per- sons in the lower walks of life. | With the hope that my sufferings may fully convince every one, that there is not a greater misfortune than that of living under a despotic Government, I present my little work to the public, and humbly trust, that my readers, in whatever light they may view my political opinions (as contrasted or other- wise with their own) will do me the justice to think me honest; a true friend to my country, and a faithful observer of truth throughout the following narrative. � �AN ACCOUNT OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS, &c. My name 1s Pasto: Lorsz ; I was born in the year 1771, in Malaga, a beautiful Town of Andalusia, in Spain, where my father had from his youth creditably followed the business of a Carpenter and Cabinet Maker ; my mother was a woman wholly devoted to domestic cares, and whose chief pleasure consisted in the scrupulous performance of her duty both towards God and man. I had scarcely attained the age of ten months when I met with a fall, the results of which, were the dislocation of my thigh and a confirmed lame- ness, which has caused me to be known and distin- guished as the Lame ivian of Malaga. My education was similar to that usually bestowed on youth in my station of life, at that time in Spain; I learnt to read and write, was also taught the first rudiments of Arith- metic and the Catechisms ; but above all, to take off my hat, kneel dowa, and respectfully kiss the hand of every Priest or F:iar I happened to meet, even if he were the last lay brother. _Ata proper.age! was. apprenticed to a Taylor, my physical defect noi allowirg me. to apply myself to'a more active einploymert. At.the age of sixteen, I' got married, and soon became burdened with the cares and anxieties ef. providing fer a numerous: family, with which im 2 few years I was surrounded. The few mo- ments I could devote to relaxation I employed in read- ing history, by which means I became acquainted. with that of my own, and of some foreign countries. To this mode of ‘life, and uninterrupted train of employ- ment, I was indebted for my preservation from the vices � arenas acsichdibhnedeennaieneins einai: anion = Seidler ta nanan eeneenenenieta es eas ee ee . - > - = 8 usually attendant on youth, to which I might else have been allured by the natural impetuosity of my temper ; but my mind was kept firm and vigorous by dint of continual occupation. The objects which daily met my view, compelled me to reflect in spite of myself. I could not but observe the injustice and arbitrary con- duct of those men, who by their professional duties were called upon to give a better example. I disco- vered that the splendour of the placeman, (so dazzling to my eyes) was commonly purchased at the expense of his honour, and that places and distinctions were ob- tained more through corruption and intrigue than by real merit and public services ; that the Churchman whom I thought devoted to the practice, as well as the doctrine of virtue, made no scruple of forgetting his duty more than once in public, and very often in pri- vate; and that his vast income (the produce of the labourer’s sweat), far from being employed in relieving the indigent, was generally dissipated in extravagance, if not applied to still worse purposes ; that the Monk whose emaciated and penitent countenance used to ex- cite my observation, lost no opportunity of relaxation from those habits of self-denial which public opinion compelled him to make an outward show of; and I began to think it strange, that so many useless indivi- duals should be suffered to press upon the industrious classes of the people. Religion seemed to consist only in ceremonies and show, through which the moral of Jesus Christ was scarcely to be perceived. The exam- ple of a corrupted court was handed down through the higher classes, to the inferior ones; and thus was the contamination spread throughout the unhappy nation, at whose expence thousands profited by the disorder, and nothing was left to the country but oppression, fetters, and extortion on every side. = All these things surprised me ; and being unable to explain them to myself, I came to the conclusion that nothing was as it should be, or that I was greatly in the wrong ; and the latter being the more likely, I almost persuaded myself that such was the case, I began, however, (although my constant occupation kept these � 9 ideas, in a'great measure, from my mind,) to suspect that the country was ill-governed, and since that time my ardent wish has been to see it under a system of Government which might render it happy. In this state of things, a casual occurrence took place which drew me into a nearer connexion with society. The journeymen of my trade were tyrannized over by their masters; and though I was not a sharer in their grievances, yet the idea of injustice and oppression was sufficient to induce me to comply with their request, that I would seek redress for them from the law; but this did not prove so easy as I at first thought it. The Governor of Malaga, Don Pedro Trugillo (who had married a sister of the first wife, or mistress ot the favourite Godoy, Principe de la Paz,*) a proud man and vain of his connexion, behaved with the most arbitrary injustice in that affair ; I therefore applied to the Hich Court of Justice, at Grenada, which compelled him to annul his proceedings ;_ but by the advice of some friends, who convinced me that the mortified pride of the Governor would impel him to tind some pretext to be revenged on me, 1, much against my will, changed my residence, and went to settle at a small town, about five leagues distant from Malaga, called Coin, the Chief Magistrate of which held me in great estimation, and offered me protection and security. | During these proceedings, which served to confirm my former dislike to the existing system of government, I was examined and received as a Master Taylor ; and was three times elected Alcalde,} or Prohombre of the are which place I can boast of having filled with credit. I now pass to the memorable year 1808, when the af- fairs at Aranjuez and Madrid called forth the expecta- tion of the public. A French army in Portugal, and another in the heart of the Peninsula, having taken pos- session of the fortresses, were events that disturbed even the most torpid and indifferent minds. My ardent tem- * Prince of Peace. + One of the Directors of the Taylors’ Company. hetebeiing>rinabanstemankaabens: sage - ~ bar Bs « | | | | � 10 per, which had hitherto lain dormant, having had but few opportunities to excite it, was now awakened and greatly strengthened, by the love I bore my country. The Spanish nation having seen the detested favourite, who had been the cause of all their misfortunes, snatched from the hands of justice, and their young Monarch, who was at that time the object of their love and hopes, borne away by a foreign usurper, exhibited that gloomy and threatening silence which usually precedes great revolutions. The murders of the ever-to-be-remembered 2d of May, and the treacherous insult offered to a noble, open, and honourable nation, exhausted all endurance, and called for vengeance. ‘ Revenge on the invaders !” was the indignant cry of the Sons of offended Spain. “Revenge! eternal hatred! and war!” in which I most enthusiastically joined. How delightful it is to dwell on those happy days, when my countrymen had but one thought ! one object! one desire! But how lamentable the division which now reigns among them, so detrimental to the welfare of their country. In order to further the plans of my countrymen, I contributed, as far as I was able, by donations, and other useful services ; and, moreover, undertook the gratuitous clothing of the army, for which purpose I removed to Malaga, where I enlisted in the Volunteer Town Militia, doing duty, as far as my physical impe- diment would permit me. The unhappy events of the campaign of 1809, and above all, the unfortunate battle of Ocana, caused the invasion of Andalusia by the French troops, The pa- triotic town of Malaga, depending rather on the hatred of .its inhabitants to foreign dominion, than on their actual resources, endeavoured to form a new army to oppose the advancing enemy, who, with the impetuous fury of a torrent, were inundating that delightful country. My known character for patriotism, induced the then Commander-in-Chief to appoint me Director of the Clothing for the Army, and of the Tents. Within two days, more than 40,000 of the peasantry and towns- �ai i de ee” ee ee | hl SESE —=——” ore i} men were drawn together ; but owing to their inexpe- rience, and want of arms and ammunition, and to the circumstance of the town being exposed for want of walls, or defensive works of any kind, the French took ossession of it on the evening of the 5th February, 1810, after a bloody and unequal contest, which led to the sub- sequent pillage of the town itself. I was obliged to conceal myself, as the invaders, being informed of my vehement zeal, and unrelenting hatred towards them, caused me to be condemned to the gal- lows ; but through the interest of some of the respect- able inhabitants, the sentence was commuted to that of banishment, and shortly afterwards, by similar in fluence, I was permitted to remain at home, under the promise (which was given without my knowledge) that I should keep myself quiet. I soon abused that precarious li- berty, which I was permitted to enjoy ; 1 daily acqui- red information from the patriot armies; purchased the newspapers of Cadiz, where the Spanish Govern- ment at that time was, and read them at the private meet- ings of the patriots ; taking care, in the mean while, to collect my trifling property, in order that I might with- draw to some place, not held by the enemy, and take along with me my Son, whom I wished to place in the ranks of the defenders of his country, although he was still under age. | The police watched me attentively, and was soon in- formed of the nature of my employment, and of my in- tentions. I was therefore reprehended and severely threatened, and moreover, with the idea of wounding my patriotic feelings, my Son was included in the Civic Militia, and myself ordered to provide him with clothing. The bare idea of seeing him in the service of the oppres- sors of my country, inflamed my passions to madness ; so that (having sent him to the castle of Marabella, at that time held by Spanish forces), I kept no restraint upon my feelings, nor on my tongue ; but talked so vio- lently, that the Governor, who had already been in- formed of the hand I had in my Son’s escape, ordered me to be apprehended, and hung without delay. I se- � mma en Yeon nsabuthdtichnn_ contd centidieteteheiaedaat a 12 cretly withdrew, and. got on board a vessel ; we touched at Algesiras. where I spent.a few. days, and met with a very flattering reception from the then General, the Marquis de Portago ; and:having rendered assistance to my Son, at that time ill in the military hospital, 1 soon found myself at the Isla de Leon, the object and end of my anxious desires. A few days previous to my arrival, the general and extraordinary Cortes had met at that, place, to the great joy of the Spanish nation, who expected from that. wish- ed-for event, a remedy for the evils. under which they groaned. The fond remembrance of that ancient and venerable body, had been ever preserved amongst the Spaniards, with feelings.of, deep and almost religious respect. Thus it was, that as soon as some de- gree of freedom was allowed, for giving vent to opi- nions, long before entertained, even from the year 1808 ; there prevailed a conviction, that abuse of power, favouritism, and the disuse of the old and praiseworthy forms of Government had plunged Spain into an abyss, from which, neither the. sacrifice of the blood, nor. of the fortunes of her children, could extri- cate her ; and there reigned a unanimous desire for the destruction of arbitrary sway,, for. the establishment of fundamental laws to secure the rights of Spaniards, and for the formation of the Cortes, from which every thing was expected, and every blessing anticipated. The provincial Junta, the offspring of circumstances, created by chance, and in the midst of tumults, and de- lighting in the exercise of their uncontrouled power, paid but little attention to public opinion, except when compelled to do so by the necessities of the moment. The central Junta, although it some time afterwards an- nounced the convocation of the Cortes, and began some preparatory labour for that purpose, ever shewed itself too jealous of the authority it exercised, to carry such a convocation into effect, till confidence being lost in con- sequence of so many errors and public misfortunes, and the general clamour increasing, it promulgated at last the much wished-for assembly of the national represen- 7 " att ttt ett it tt th iit tA A = — ——E San sneteietieanacameiit yo �wr eR OR Er sae ll ee we —— =, Se @¢ " ee, a ee eee, eee ee Oe aes —_— -_-~ 13 tation. But the Council of the Regency still more am- bitious and less disposed towards public liberty, defer- red the remedy as long as it was in their power to do so, and» yielded at last only to the irresistible force of general opinion, which they could no longer withstand, being rendered universally odious by the disasters which assailed the State on every side, and which had nearly brought about its total.ruin. Well did the Spanish na- tion know its critical situation, and finding itself now for the first time after the lapse of so many ages, at li- berty to choose its own representatives, exercised it so judiciously, and with such an earnest and sincere de- sire of success, that neither intrigue nor faction ap-— peared at those elections : so true it is, that in mo- mentous and extreme circumstances, those great moral bodies called Nations, shew a kind of instinct which saves them from impending ruin. 2 ae a The first decrees of the Cortes, were received with universal joy and enthusiasm ; mutual congratulations were heard amongst all the Spaniards ; joy was visible in every countenance, and even in those places held by the enemy, under their very bayonets, thanks were of- fered to the Almighty, in the Temples,with undissembled enthusiasm, for an event which filled the hearts of all with well-founded and flattering hopes, My first care was toattend the Sittings ; and I must confess, that the sight of them, made on me an impres- sion that can never be effaced. The majesty of the place ; the combination of individuals, so respectable for their age, knowledge, and services ; the pure spirit of patriotism which breathed amongst them; the dis- cussion of so many weighty matters, and the zeal for the national welfare and glory, so anxiously manifested ; all these circumstances, together with the consideration that they were perfectly consonant with the desires of the nation, which I had so often heard expressed, filled me with delight and wonder ; and secing in the members of that illustrious assembly the fathers of my country, the defenders of her independence, the avengers of her B � ce nn tae tidieieetetecias elena al dient dedicate nddedll Leek ea Seer OF em ne er ee 7 14 wrongs, and the repairers of her unfortunate losses ; my heart formed ardent vows for their suecess ; and from that moment I devoted to them all my actions, under the impression that I was devoting them to my country. Ah! how far was I from thinking, that such feelings would be looked upon as a crime; and that for enter- taining them I should be confounded with the guilty, and even experience the horrors of an iniquitous and infamous execution. 1 there remained, dividing my time between attend- ing the Sittings, and working at my trade, (by which I maintained myself,) until the time of the victory at Al- buera, gained in the spring of 1811, by the Allied Bri- tish and Spanish forces, when thinking it probable that the enemy would retire from Andalusia, 1 removed near- er to my native town; but the military operations hav- ing taken a new and less favourable turn, I left Algesi- ras, (whither I had retired), and settled in Gibraltar, where I followed my business. In September of that same year, General, Don Fran- cisco Ballesteros, was entrusted with the command of the district called the Campo*de San Roque, there to carry on war with his division from the Asturias, and some other troops, the whole forming a body of about 8,000 men. [ lost no time in presenting myself before him ; and after presenting him with small donations, I offered to make the clothing of his division, without any remuneration beyond the pay and daily allowance of a private soldier; which being accepted, I gave up my business, which at that time I found very profitable, and fulfilled my undertaking so much to the satisfaction of the said General, that he gave me an honorary certifi- cate of my patriotic services, and zeal for the good cause ; he moreover charged me with the superintend- ence of the provisions of a flying column, consisting of three battalions, and two squadrons of horse, entrusted with the arduous and dangerous task of levying contri- butions of money, victuals, men and horses, in the very country held by the enemy ; and the zeal with which I fulfilled this duty, as well as many others, confided to �15 me, by the territorial Junta of the Hoya de Malaga will appear from the certificates of the Secretary of the Spanish Consul at Gibraltar, and of many other indivi- duals and municipal corporations. My own native town being freed from the enemy’s armies, after their precipitate retreat from Andalusia, in consequeace of the victory obtained at the Arapiles, near Salamanca, by the illustrious Earl, now Duke of Wellington, I returned thither, and the Body Corperate honeured my patriotism with a certificate, couched in the most flattering terms, ; At that epoch, began the conflict and straggle of con- trary opinions. The numerous classes of parasites with which my country unhappily abounds, seeing in French dominion, the loss of their welfare and comforts, allowed the Cortes to go on in their career of reform as far as they chose, provided they were freed from a foreign sway; which, besides oppressing them, threatened to take away all their advantages, without any hope of re-~ covery. ‘'hose reforms, they knew they could over-. throw at pleasure. Thus it was, that they no sooner thought the danger over, than they breathed freely, and set about to recover their lost rights, usurped privileges and revenues, of which, by the Constitution, and the decrees of the Cortes, they saw themselves deprived. They forgot that the Spanish people, by their heroic constancy, and shedding of their own blood, had acquir= ed rights,which they themselves had deservedly lost, for want of legal titles, and through their own cowardly apathy. Proud, even to madness, in their own arrogant pretensions, they despised those through whose exertions they had triumphed: and only wished, that the reward of so much valour and suffering, and of so many eostly Sacrifices, should be the renewal of that debasement and abjection, in which the Spanish Nation had so long been sunk ; as if it had so hardly fought, with no other view than to preserve their enormous revenues, their gothic rights, their convents, and their absurd, inhuman, and bloody tribunals. | � —_—— a aeneeilineieeiameeneneenden ein anainememnmeeed enema amend 16 But they were aware that the Cortes, so long the object of the fond predilection of the Spaniards, and likewise of their own praises, could not be openly at- tacked; they knew that the people remembered the glory and happiness, ‘which, in past times, they had en- joyed under its auspices, and the victories which they had obtained since its actual meeting ; .whilst, previous- ly, with equal enthusiasm and far superior means, they had experienced only loss and defeat. ‘They well knew it was notorious to every one, that ,at the time of their extraordinary Cortes being first installed, Spain was little better than nothing, being entirely in the possession of the enemy, and without either Armies or resources, but that now, in the short lapse of two years, the enemy had been driven from the, greater part of the country ; our alliances were well cemented, and an Army had been raised, formidable in numbers, quality and discipline ; and that such was the prevailing confidence, that,-not- withstanding the calamities. attendant on.a destructive war, on the prevailing famine, and on the contagious.sick- ness which had appeared in many places ; still, the enor- mous levies of men and. money, decreed by. the Cortes, had. been effected with a.promptness and accuracy, be- yond example. oe : es ' .They knew all this, but they trusted at the same time in the docility and honesty of the Spanish people, and in their blind and constant devotion, to their King and their Religion ; and to this'weak side they directed their treacherous attack. A rumour was industriously spread by the dexterous emissaries of those obnoxious classes, (supposing that the Cortes, in their reforms, did nothing but copy and agree with the French,) that their mea- sures towards the Clergy affected Religion itself; that over and above those restraints.on the Royal’ power stamped in the Constitution, other new ones were devis- ed in secret, which would depress the dignity of the Crown and sap Monarchy at ‘its very foundations, in a more scandalous manner than Napoleon himself had at- tempted. These ideas, most sedulously spread abroad, did not fail to produce an effect on the incautious and credulous ;-and I was grieved:to. find even in Malaga, �— 6 —=— 2 SF * aa =— 4.1 3 B23 2S = 32 a = = a Se B eo sea Aa € 14 17 many who looked on the Constitution as heretical ; and on those highly deserving Deputies, who supported it, as impious men, and bad patriots ; whilst, on the other hand, they considered those who opposed them as good Spaniards and Catholics. Hence arose those two famous parties “ liberales,” and “ serviles,” whose conflict has brought about the evils, under which Spain is now groan ing, and from which it may never be relieved. To increase my vexation, I discovered, that the long stay of the French had gained over to them many per- sons of rank and good character; who, thinking them- selves superior to the mass of their fellow-citizens in talent and foresight, and inflamed with mad hopes, laughed at, and insulted alternately, both the serviles and liberales. Ihad some serious disagreement with them, considering the serviles as a set of selfish beings, who only thought of living at ease, and in a course of exclu- sive enjoyments, by reducing to slavery an open, gene- rous, and brave people, worthy of a better fate; and the afrancesados as vile traitors, insolent even in their defeat; who still sought to make their country yield to a shameful foreign yoke. I included both parties under the same denomination, looking on them as enemies of my country, whatever might be the difference of their respective opinions. I vowed to them an eternal hatred, which I shall carry dowa to my grave. | Disgusted with this clashing of opinions and pursuits, after having settled my domestic affairs, I left my na- tive place, and removed to Cadiz, where people were more agreed, and where I met with opinions more in conformity with those I comprehended and approved of. In January, 1813, after some very long and warm discussions, the horrid tribunal of the Inquisition was abolished; an institution no less contrary te reason than to religion itself. I was present at those discus- sions, and felt so thoroughly convinced of the justice of that abolition, that I determined to defend it by all the feeble means within my reach; this drew upon me the hatred of fanatics and hypocrites, which was shewn in � — SS ean Fae a siitetentemmndaitdnatittl — tins + - : . a 3 eS ee = RP oe No ee Ragas atone = Se eee SS a Oe ee Tarart qementrepepere oh aes SERS ee ee ee 18 various threats and insults, the'former of which I. de- spised, and the latter I did not suffer to pass unpunished. Meanwhile, the Clergy, seeing they had lost the’chief resource upon which they at all times relied, to avenge themselves by means of dark and horrid dungeons, and the cruel and secret tortures of those who presumed’ to question the legality of their ill-acquired rights, and mad with fury on beholding those who endeavoured to enlighten the public mind, freed from their bloody claws, began to make war on the Constitutionalists, and the signal being given by the pope’s nuncio, they threw aside all decency, and even their wonted hypocrisy, and made every corner of the peninsula resound with their abominable cry of Impiety! Heresy! Irreligion! and Atheism! whereby frightening the weak, and fanaticis- ing the bold, they drew numberless forces to the field of battle, and procured immense resources, Sixty thou- sand friars made the pulpits resound daily with the same identical topics; the lamentations of insulted reli- ion, the decrees of Heaven to avenge it, and the sacred pe of exterminating all those who were infected with liberal principles. The Confessional was another and still more efficient instrument, to alarm the consciences, to propagate fanatical principles, to increase division, and to create sedition; thus the unwary began to waver, the indifferent to be moved, the ignorant to give assent, and only men of information and firmness of mind kept to their principles. Unhappily I imitated the latter, for I thereby brought upon myself griefs and vexations which put my firmness to’a severe test, but which, at the same time, shewed that it was not caprice but convic- tion that: had impressed liberal ideas on. my mind. In the beginning of the year 1814, the national Con- gress of the Cortes, and the executive Government, re- moved to Madrid, and [ not wishing to miss my attend- ance on the sittings, went thither also. They were every where received with marks of enthusiastic joy, notwith- .Standing the exertions of the fanatical party, and Madrid -Surpassed all other towns in demonstrations of satisfac- tion, and even went beyond what it had itself exhibited in former instances. ois �— - wT OO OOOmSlU Ole ES ee eee eS SS lO Ch lmlmlCC = ee "SR —— 8 ae oe a; 19 These fond demonstrations infuriated to exeess the liberticide party. The victories obtained over the French, had dispelled their fears of falling again under foreign yoke ; they redoubled their efforts by incendiary and seditious writings, electioneering intrigues, gross and atrocious calnmnies, fabricated prophecies, and apochryphal miracles ; no means were left untried ; and the famous trial of the false Audinot, with which all Europe is acquainted, is sufficient to give a faint idea of the iniquitous means employed by those spurious chil- dren of my country, to delude the people, to smother liberty whilst in its cradle, and to sully the well-earned fame of its most illustrious and resolute defenders. I, who, as well as many others, understoood this cri- minal manceuvre, thought it my duty to defend liberal principles, firmly, yet in a becoming manner ; not by base and infamous. means, although by way of repri- sal, 1 might. have censidered myself justified in making use.even of the latter ; but such.a line of conduct would not only have been contrary to my own feelings, but also unworthy the justice and nobleness of the cause which I espoused. In all the meetings which, I attended, I did not fail to disclose the plots of the Serviles ; to eulogize the constitution ; to declaim against abuses,.and to pon- der on the advantages to be derived from those reforms, for which we had’so long sighed. The vehemence of my speeches, my.tone,.and above.all, that character. of deep-felt conviction, by which I apbeared actuated, and which gave me a kind of natural eloquence, procured me abundance of hearers, and applauses, which I valued, inasmuch. as they contributed. to make. my patriotic opi- nions prevail, not being in the least actuated by any personal interest. | These debates however, procured mean ill-fated ce- lebrity, I saw myself ‘at: once beloved and hated : court= ed and persecuted ; some looked upon me as‘an extra- ordinary man; others: thought me: an abominable. mon- ‘ster ; and the servile party; having-now determined:on my ruin, began to persecute me openly ;. they; endea- voured to prevent my entrance into the gallery of the � —— es aeneninndineinemmneeeniddeie tae aeennee eae amanda 20 Cortes ; and hired boys to pelt me with stones; in short, there was scarcely any kind of insult which I did not daily experience. Among many others of minor importance, one occur- red, which is worthy of attention, on account of its sin- gularity, ofits being totally unexpected, and of the con- sequences it might have led to. In one of the Sittings, in January, in the aforesaid year, the powers or titles of the members elected and returned by the province of Gallicia, were examined ; amongst whom was the Bishop of Pampelona, one of the most violent leaders of the anti-constitutional party. From various papers produced, from the certificates of return, and from many other circumstances, there appeared clear and undoubted evidence of enormous breaches of the. constitutional law in the election. A committee was appointed to inquire into the affair, who with the liberal party, were for declaring it null and void, as in fact they ought; but the serviles, who formed the majority of the Cortes, tried by captious and uncon- clusive arguments, to support it ; on which a very warm discussion took place. In vain did many of the mem- bers contend for the strict observance of the Constitu- tional law, which even the Cortes themselves were not authorized to infringe; in vain did they protest they would give up their power, and withdraw their pro- vinces : the majority was for approving the election, notwithstanding its notorious illegality. I witnessed this unpleasant sitting, and was heartily grieved to find, that party rage had penetrated even into the sanctuary of the laws, and that the constitution had been trampled upon by the very legislators, before it was scarcely known ; and I thence foretold the most fatal conse- quences, lamenting in anticipation, the evils that threat- ened my country, and the waste of sv much blood, and so many costly sacrifices, Full of these gloomy ideas, I retired to my lodgings, ate but little, and immediately after, { went to a coffee- house ; in passing Ja puerta del Sol, I met two of my acquaintances, who, observing an alteration in my coun- ee ee ee �oe fF RES ee FF BEesetes SBS TFS Fe obs tenance, inquired if any thing atled me ; I answered ‘ nothing material,” and as the Sitting that morning had made some noise; and knowing that. daily attended the congress, they questioned me respecting the discussion, and L stated every thing thathad taken place. My un- fortunate celebrity-was such, that wherever I was, indi- viduals of every description and opinion, used to collect; and at this time,!not observing the number: continually increasing round me, I:mentioned to those two persons the enormous breach of:the Constitutional law, which the deputies had just: been guilty of ; for they were not. justified nor authorized to dispense with it, as they could with other faws, the former being superior ; and could not be altered or repeated, till a certain time specified in their formula. Whilst I was enforcing these topics, against’ those deputies who had infringed the law, I noticed. a degree of effervescence amongst the indivi- duals around me, which I endeavoured to allay, by ob- serving, that any act unsanctioned by the law, respect- jing such weighty matters; would be criminal ; and more- over, that such was neither a fit time, nor place for can- vassing them; that if the infringement of the law, which they had noticed, and which had excited such feelings, could bé proved ; they might claim for redress the 373d article of the Constitution ; authorizing every Spanish citizen, te petition the King and the Cortes, for the faithful observance of that law, and redress of every breach of it; and that in case they were inclined so to act, they might frame a petition, either individually or collectively ; but that on no account, should they act otherwise, or in a manner unbecoming the importance of the subject, or the circumspection and decorum so conspicuous in the Spanish character. Just at that mo- ment, a priest who (as I ‘afterwards learnt) was chap- lain to the Life Guards, went to the commanding officer of a guard, not far distant, and requested him to repair immediately to the puerta del Sol, where a lame man was endeavouring to stir up a mob to rebellion, by means of seditious speeches, and ‘warm declamations. The off- cer, without waiting for more accurate information, took with him six Grenadiers, with fixed bayonets, by whom ee Seer =. a soe. od ss re - = a renin, ponee ) i a een �Bae ie { : in the ne bt emcee th tr : tte OE —— I was surrounded, at the very moment I was endeavour- ing to quiet the agitated minds of the populace. The officer intimated that I should follow him into arrest : to which I mildly and calmly answered, that I did not consider him authorized to arrest me, as he was not pos- sessed of any judicial power, and only those who were invested with it were authorized by the Constitution, to take a person into custody ; that if he acted under the warrant of a proper magistrate, he ought to show it ; as the necessary circumstance of my being found in “ fla- granti delicto ” was wanting ; in which case alone, or in that of his faving a warrant, could he detain me, without rendering himself guilty of arbitrary detention. e then requested me to accompany him, not into arrest, but as a favour; to which I replied, that this compli- mentary proposition came too late, and I could not as- sent to it, on account of the suspicion, which his prece- ding intimation could not fail to create, and of the dis- frust which the presence of armed soldiers ought to inspire. At the close of this conversation, I could not help noticing a kind of restlessness and disturbance, amongst those persons who were nearest to the officer; I, there- fore, in order to prevent the occurremce of any tumult or violence, suffered myself to be conducted to the guard-room, Stating to the officer my reasons for such compliance. An immense crowd followed us. When in the officer’s room, he questioned me as to what I was Saying to the people about the Constitution, to which I replied, that not considering him possessed of any autho- rity to arrest me, still less could I perceive any right he had to examine me respecting acts that were within the scope of my own free will, and not against public order or law; and such being the case, it would be useless for him to question me further, for I should not condescend to give any reply. He was at first rather irritated, but as he grew calmer, he told me that a priest, of a very decent and grave appearance, had informed him that ] Was exciting the populace to sedition, and that he, there- fore, thought it his duty to prevent it. This explana- tion did not tend to lessen my anger, and I replied. that � 23 it was his duty, at least, to believe his own eyes, or calm- ly to examine matters, ere he took measures that had the appearance of being hasty and violent ; that the priest and I, being but two single individuals, 1 conceived [ ‘had as just a right to be heard and believed as he, who, notwithstanding his character of Ecclesiastic, and his appearance of decency and gravity, had given hima false and calumnious report, of which he, the officer, had already sufficient proofs, if he would judge impartially, Meanwhile, the crowd, which had followed us, having } drawn near the guard-room, called aloud for my being set at liberty, with which circumstance the officer was made acquainted by one of the privates; he went out, and having satisfied himself of the truth of it, returned, and, with a very altered countenance, begged of me to go out and use that ascendancy which I possessed over the multitude, to calm them. I replied that I had none, and that I hated every kind of ascendancy which did not emanate from the laws, or from the authorities by them established ; for that I held, as usurped and crimi- nal, and directed to improper purposes, every kind of influence arising from any other source. When I had thus spoken, he said, that there appearing no motive for my detention, he hoped I would use that liberty which he allowed me, as by so doing the clamours of the crowd would cease, and the tumult be quelled. I did so, and on my appearing at the door of the main guard, I was cheered by the surrounding multitude, and carried away by them in triumph, amidst joyful acclamations. Ashamed of these marked demonstrations of the public feeling, I, after several vain attempts, made myself heard, and said to the enthusiastic crowd, that though I feit duly grateful for the affection they evinced towards me, yet the manner in which it was shewn, and my poor de- serts, filled my mind with uneasiness, that I only wished that their attention, praises and acclamations, should be purely and disinterestedly directed towards the law it- self, which had rescued us from a state of degrading slae. very, and made us the free citizens of a free country ; and which had delivered us from the danger of falling under the yoke of a capricious and arbitrary power, or a nom tscpearstnie ba oil if oe Semen NN LS RI NRL OTE a a th ie } 7 f ! Hi ; i i ee Ta ro Samal � ene ee ener ne ti ae eae ts ee 7 a 24 wearing the chains of brutal despotism ; that they should be cautious how they indulged their enthusiasm in fa- vour of any man, whatever his deserts, talents, or ser- vices might be; since, instead of a ‘defender of their rights, and a supporter of their liberties, they might per- haps find a tyrant, who would load them: with heavier chains than those which they. had just broken with so much energy. I then entreated them: to’ retire, and leave me at liberty. They repeated their cheers, and in a moment I was left alone. ‘I then went to see the Captain General, Don Pedro Villacampa, whom J addressed in nearly the following terms :—“‘ Sir, a few days ago, to my great satisfaction, and that of the surrounding public, I heard your Excel- lency swear before the Cortes, that you had a sword rea- dy to chastise him who should prove an enemy to the Jaws of your country, or who would dare to - infringe in the least on that Constitution from which they were de- rived.” Ithen gave him a summary report of the late occurrence, and ended by saying “Ido not ask from you a literal fulfilment of your sacred promise, but beg ‘you will order the officer to give me satisfaction, not so much for the personal offence which he has offered me, (which I do not regard,). asin reparation of the insult offered to the law ; and that the people might know that individual liberty is not a vain and illusory thing.” The General commended my conduct, and ordered one of his Adjutants to accompany me to’ the main guard, and, in the General’s name, to inform the officer that he was to give me that satisfaction I required, viz. an acknowledgment of his error, for I asked no other, and had even entreated that every legal proceeding, to which his thoughtless conduct had subjected him, might be stopped. Having been conducted into the officer’s presence and heard the General’s message delivered, I offered him my hand, and in polite-and friendly terms explained to him my reasons for taking such a step; and that I was satisfied, provided he would: acknowledge me an honest man, incapable of exciting tumults and riots, and zealously attached to my country and its laws ; ane DS ne eee ee ere a � 20 which having complied with, the affair ended, and we parted in cordial friendship. This occurrence spread abroad with wonderful cele- rity, and was every where mentioned to my praise ; even the anti-constitutional party durst not represent it under different colours. Hence it was that my enemies know- ing the affair to be so notorious, and fearing that an ac-_ curate examination into it might dispel the accusation which was thereon, and under a different aspect, brought against me at my trial, would never allow the said officer and other witnesses I called on in my defence, to give their evidence; but the Fiseal, or ex-officio prosecutor, Don Mateo Sendoqui, mentioned it in his accusation, in a vague and loose manner, and by a very singular pro- cess of reasoning, inferred from it a crime deserving of the severest punishment. | | Still my enemies redoubled their efforts, and used no scruple respecting the means of indulging their hatred and revenge; they even endeavoured to get me poison- ed in some of the Taverns I dined at, of which I was in- formed by the Innkeepers themselves, who were struck with horror at such a treacherous plot. I endured num- berless insults from persons I had never offended, nay, who were even quite unknown to me, and was pelted with stones to my imminent personal danger. Once I was attacked by twelve deluded individuals of the guard, who were not ashamed of assaulting a poor crippled and unarmed fellow ; and on the 24th of March, 1814, when the news arrived of the King’s having set foot on the Spanish territory, and the enemies of liberty, taking ad- vantage of the rejoicings which such an event had caused among the people, and affecting an exclusive royalism, iustigated some of the lower classes to insult the con- stitutionalists and mislead the public feeling ; a grov of more than 500 persons, with ropes in their hands, Malan _ soUeng = ee to the Lame Man of in te Eee ¥ me ifficulty I escaped from them, ce Ge ng 7 oe was burned in effigy in the a ee ~ oledo, by the hands of the common Bae ; the magistrates and soidiery, with drums §, attending and authorizing that auto da fé. C Meee nn rer �a . OE a ee acetal A RN ree EN ee a pi atl s 26 Even the place of my birth was made a subject of doubt and contention, on account of the dishonour which my native town seemed to derive from my having been born within its precincts, for a servile printer of Malaga, having re-printed an incendiary pamphlet, entitled the Lucindo, which was published at Valencia, and ascribed (I know not on what grounds) to the ex-Regent Don Miguel Lardizabel y Vribe, and in which I was branded as a seditious traitor, and Malaga in some way reproach- ed fer having given me birth, put a note to the work, (in order, as he said, to correct an error,) making a pre- sent of the honours of my birth place to the small bo- rough of Coin, and freeing Malaga from the stain of having produced such a monster; and the inhabitants of the former place, who had known me whilst residing amongst them with my wife and family, unwilling to adopt such a wretch, procured a certificate of my birth, and of the marriage of my parents, and turned me over again to Malaga, at the same time compelling the printer to retract, which he did, observing, ‘that the casual birth of such an impious and sacrilegious man as I was could never sully the fame of the loyal and religious town of Malaga.” In the latter days, which preceded the King’s arrival at Madrid, after the abolition of the constitution, I was under the necessity of concealing myself in the house of a friend, a Regidor * of Madrid, who, every night, gave me an accurate account of what- ever occurred in the Metropolis; but, one night, his brother came to tell me that he was arrested, and that the seizure of his property being one of the consequences attending that circumstance, the house would be search- ed; and, besides the personal inconvenience that would result to me, from my being found there, I should make his brother’s case much worse. Finding myself in such a trying situation, I preferred running every risk rather than iniure my benefactor; I, therefore, determined to trust myself to my fate, and immediately leave the house of my friend, whose misfortunes, and those of his family, would only be increased by my stay; but his brother advised me to be calm, and not to take any * Regidor—a Magistrate. 7 TS 5 ee ne nee aE � 27 hasty measures, since I still had the next day to decide on which course I ought to take, as appearing less preg- nant with danger. Inthe course of that day, I thought on athousand ways of escaping, but could carry none of them into effect, on account of my lameness, which caused me to be known every where; and another ob- stacle presented itself in my want of means, nor do I know how I could (in the state of effervescenee in which the kingdom then was, being everywhere over-ruled by the most furious absolutists) go any where without being discovered, and torn in pieces by the deluded mob. However, decision was necessary, and I, at last, (think- ing it the safest course, not having injured any one) de- termined on appearing before a magistrate, who, viewing things impartially (which the populace, misled by iniqui- tous and passionate agents were not capable of doing,) would grant me a passport, to my ewn native place; leaving it to my prudence, to abstain from appearing in public, until the minds of the people should be quieted. I communicated my idea to my Friend’s Brother who called it madness, and nothing more nor less, than a wilful surrender of myself to persons, who were anxious to find me, doubtless for the worst of purposes. How- ever, he left me to do as I thought proper, and gave me twenty-five dollars in small gold pieces. I again relap- sed into my former doubts aud uncertainty ; and at last decided (as it fell out) for the worst, namely, to appear before the proper authorities, in demand of a passport. I therefore left my place of shelter, between eight and nine in the evening of the 17th of May, and went to the Post-office, to inquire the address of one Don Juan San- tos Redano, whom I had known in Cadiz, and who then acted as Alguazil Mayor, or Chief Magistrate, in Ma- drid ; at his door I met with some inferior Alguazils, who informed me that Don Jugn was not within, and advised me to wait for him. I observed from their coun- tenances, conversation, and actions, which they vainly endeavoured to disguise, that they were surprized at seeing me. After a few moments one of them said to me, “ Come with me, I will take you to a house, where you will find Don Juan.” He led me through several i �or enh adameananemenataidet amarante daaaemennina we Sa eet Ai ete eet meme _ Nn ieee 28 streets, till we came to the prison called Carcel de Corte, which I no sooner perceived, than turning round, I saw myself surrounded by sixteen or eighteen Alguazils, at the sight of whom, not doubting their intention, and filled with the bitterest indignation, I upbraided them with their treachery towards an innocent man ; hinting that such artful and circuitous acts, were unnecessary, | to capture a man, who had willingly appeared before a Magistrate ; moreover, I made use of some very harsh expressions ; a miserable way of unburdening a mind already too much exasperated! We were now inside the prison, and on entering my name on the scroll, they said they had taken me, whilst I maintained that I had presented myself, and at last the latter was written. . I was then conducted to a dungeon, where my person was searched with great scrupulosity ; and they took from me three dollars and ahalf, which I had in my waistcoat pocket ; but luckily, they did not touch my pocket- handkerchief, in which were the twenty-five dollars given me by my friend’s brother. The dungeon was six feet long, by five feet wide ; a filthy broken earthen vessel for drinking, and a chamber utensil were the only furniture of that horrible habita- tion. 1 was left shut up, until eleven at night, when the Jailer appearing to make the usual examination, I asked him for the bed, which I had previously ordered. ‘This request he denied every knowledge of, althongh he had received it ; and counterfeiting a charitable compassion, he obliged me to take two blankets, belonging to the prison, so filled with disgusting vermin, that in a few moments I was in the most exquisite torture, without even the power of changing my position, having been deprived of my crutch, on entering the dungeon. This plague, in four days, reduced me to the state of a man infected with leprosy, my whole body being one perfect sore. Iasked to be provided at my own expense, with a more wholesome vessel to drink out of, which was re- fused me ; so that I was consumed by a continual and intolerable thirst. I was thus left for a fortnight, without the least inter- rogatory being put to me, although I claimed it from �es a or ef Es Se a Ss ee Set = Se fs —_—— 7 Sas Ss = Sk eS | S Ba = Ss & 29 two or three Judges who came to other prisoners; but as they were not appointed to try or examine state pri- soners (as the Constitutionalists were called) they an- swered me in an insulting and ironical manner, saying that as there was no longer a Constitution, interrogato- ries were put, when they were able, or thought proper to do so. However, at the expiration of the above-na- med period, I was called upon to undergo an examination by Don Ignacio Martinez de Villela, President of the Sala de Alcaldes, who, after having been a Deputy to the extraordinary Cortes that met at Cadiz, now acted a principal part in the persecution of his companions and other liberals) He was unaccompanied by a clerk or notary, but I observed through two or three of the doors, leading from the hall into which I was conducted, that some persons were listening, although they took every precaution to conceal themselves. His questions were beyond measure impertinent, and malignant ; and mixed with reproaches; he asked me, how I, born of Catholic parents, had become a Constitutionalist ? and being a Spaniard, how could I profess myself an enemy to my King, wishing to restrict his sovereign authority ? and many other things to the same effect, which either shew- ed his want of sense, or his malignity. My replies did not belie either my character or my principles ; I said that I did not think there was the least incompatibility in being a catholic and a constitutionalist ; that my being addicted to that Constitution which had been sworn to by the whole nation, arose from a righteous wish to see my country happy ; being earnestly excited to it by the disasters it had experienced, proceeding from an unruly despotism, and the conduct of an effeminate, obscene, and ignorant favorite ; that my love of justice made me wish to see it impartially administered, and its sacred seat held by law, merit, and virtue; instead of, by ma- lice, partiality, and other passions ; that I was persuaded my love to my King, having given such repeated and glaring proofs of it, not inferior to those shewn by any other Spaniard whatever, if my quality, circumstances, &c. were taken into consideration ; and that amongst those proofs of love, I did not think I could give a great- ~— eee ee � 30 er, than my desire of seeing his throne surrounded by loyal, free, and affectionate children, instead of unfaith- ful, interested slaves ; himself always ready to do good, reduced to the happy impossibility of doing wrong ; guided by law in his actions, and inhis counsels by well- informed men, lovers of their country, and of the lustre of his throne ; [ moreover added, that if, in this wish, there was any error, it was one of the understanding, and not of the will ; that my way of life and confined know- ledge, exempted me from the duty of closely and specu- latively examining those principles which guided my political conduct ; but that I thought it reasonable to imitate his Worship, who from his talent, studies, digni- ties and experience, ought to be aware, that the exam- ple which he set, might be followed; and as he had pu- blicly taken an oath of fidelity to the Constitution, and accepted places, and dignities emanating from the same, and asin se doing he had had but too many imitators ; he ought not to feel surprised that a simple, uninformed man like myself, should have trodden in the footsteps, of so many illustrious men, whom I in good faith, con- sidered as my guides; that although his Worship, and many other gentlemen, were now testifying their disaf- fection to those very things, which they had previously sworn to with fervour, my limited understanding could not comprehend, how this double and hypocritical con- duct, could be reconciled to their consciences; their pro- bity, and those sacred duties, which required them at every risk, to oppose whatever they might deem con- trary to the national welfare, and the rights of the Sove- reign, without the least affection or dissimulation : that such scandalous and equivocating conduct should never be adopted by me, whose heart and tongue always acted in unison ; and lastly, I added, that his Worship would never escape the stain of being unfaithful to some of the oaths he had taken ; a stain, which I would never allow to fallonme. This reproach incensed him beyond mea- sure, and to revenge himself for the confusion thus breught upon him, he had recourse to insult ; the only expedient of those who have not reason on their side. These insults I replied to in a dignified manner, show- �—_—"~ €D is BD em OM | Ry mae PT FS eS Se ee ee SS SS Re eS ee ol ing him how inconsistent it was with the character of a Magistrate, to insult a poor unhappy man ; forgetting, not only justice and reason, but even decency. He took leave with threats, and I returned to my dungeon, fully resolved to support my principles, at all costs. After this, for nine successive days, both morning and evening, I was examined and cross-examined by the same Villela, now accompanied by an Escribano,* I have lost the remembrance of the details of such a long and extravagant interrogation. I only recollect, that there was no matter on which to ground a charge, nor from which any degree of criminality could be deduced ; which caused the said Villela to put wavering and ridi- culous questions. He examined me on my religious creed, going through the Catechism. I endured a leng and tedious examination, respecting the principles of political law, (of which I never had the least knowledge) as supposing that I propagated them in public ; and thus the perfidious Magistrate caused me to know the solj- dity of the foundations, on which rested those opinions, { had instinctively formed and embraced ; which of course made me entertain them with greater firmness and constancy. He spoke to me of Rousseau, Montes- quieu, and some other authors, and surmised that I had uttered speeches, subversive of the King’s rights. He tenaciously insisted, that I should give him an accurate account of the manner in which I had spent my time in Cadiz and Madrid, even to a minute, although he refer- red to a period which had elapsed during the space of more than two years. He even went so far as to inter- rogate me respecting the taverns and coffee-houses I had frequented ; and the women with whom I had had any intercourse, of whatever class they might be. He upbraided me with having kept up a friendly intimacy with many of the members of the Cortes, requiring me to inform him minutely of our private conversations. He supposed me to have shared in conspiracies, which had never existed, but in the imagination of the enemies of the Constitutional system. He called me an agent paid by the Jacobin and anarchical party, as he termed them ; “ Escribano—a Justice Clerk~a Notary or Attorney. 5 | ; : ii | ae OnatE ti * ree � a2 insisting with obstinacy, that I should declare what. was become of, and how were expended, those important sums which he imagined I must have received. In short, I should tire my readers, were | to relate the full detail of the windings, cavils, and mean arts, made use of by that wretched Judge, in so extraordinary and endless an examination. The only thingI could infer from it, was, his decided intention to find me guilty ; notwithstanding the want of proofs and evidence; his object being un- doubtedly, to sacrifice a victim, to the fury of the op- pressing party, whose blind tool, this feeble Magistrate was not ashamed to be; though his age and circumstan- ces required from him a very different behaviour, and more circumspect reflexion. I ought not to omit, that Villela, grown desperate on perceiving that my replies dispelled even the shadow of a crime, attempted, (supposing me weak), to interrogate me about those crimes, which calumny had imputed to many highly-deserving individuals ; some of whom were imprisoned, and others fugitives. To effect this pur- pose, he employed all those tricks and artifices, which his long practice in criminal trials, had amply furnished him with. All was however useless ; I knew his du- plicity and iniquitous design, and firmly declared, that whatever fate awaited me, [ would never so debase my- self as to become an informer of the opinions of my friends ; much less to confirm in any way, the black calumnies with which some malicious persons, had at- tempted to sully, their well-earned reputation. Thus an end was put to these annoying proceedings ; still I was kept in confinement, and as before deprived of every kind of intercourse. In vain did I claim the privilege to which I thought myself entitled after my examination ; viz. : free access to my friends ; after a thousand ambiguous replies, I could only learn that Villela was no longer concerned in my trial; neither could I get any information respecting the Escribano, who took a copy of the proceedings; nor the Judge who directed them ; I was therefore left a prey to anx- iety, doubt, and a melancholy foreboding of future evils. ene ee �eS eee FT Trt ee. Oe TlCUCOTlClC DEOTllClCUCDTTOCU CO — Te M._-- - o-_ = ena Se BR RS 3d - After three months passed in this distressing state, I heard that the new Governor of La Sala de Alcaldes de Casa y Corte,* Don Benito Arias de Prada, (who had also been a Deputy of the Ordinary Cortes at Madrid), was the Judge appointed to substantiate my cause. | addressed him, begging he would hasten the proceed- ings, and he in consequence came to me, not in the cha- racter of a Judge, but under the appearance of one deeply interested in my fate. He pretended to pity my errors which he ascribed to ignorance and seduction ; and wondered that a man, who had given so many signal proofs of his affection towards the King, had suffered himself to be deluded so far, as to lay aside his former honourable feelings. Hence he took occasion to declaim against the false ideas of the present age ; he spoke in a very pathetic manner of the King’s goodness and mildness, of the reluctance of his Royal heart to punish- ment, even when Justice ealled for it, and observed that His Majesty looked on me with decided good will ; and that if 1 could be brought to declare the plans of conspi- racy, which had existed, and were still in existence, to despoil him of his Royal rights, and of which it was known that I was perfectly informed ; His Majesty’s goodness towards me would know no bounds, in the remuneration of so important a service, and that I might expect every thing from his Royal munificence ; but should I obstinately persist in denying, what was but too well proved, I should by my own wilful caprice, render myself unworthy of the Royal mercy, and com- pel His Majesty to lay aside his wonted clemency, to listen only to justice, and give it free scope; which would not fail, to punish my atrocities, in such a man- : ner, as to prevent their repetition. Ithanked him for his kind attentions and good ad- vice, and begged to observe the difference there was between his mildness and Villela’s harshness ; but that neither would induce me to a breach of that truth, which was solemnly recorded in my preceding answers ; my affection towards his Majesty had never been belied, = A. Court of Magistrates who administer criminal law in Madrid, and its vicinity. en TT ean � iff Hi ot and the only reward I claimed for it was, that he would be pleased to put an end to a prosecution founded solely on calumny; and that in so doing his Majesty would fulfil two duties, the most pleasing to his heart; those of justice and of clemency. As to plans of censpiracy, I declared that I had never known or heard of any ; and that if the Constitution was considered as one, its very publicity must free it from the imputation of being the subject of dark and secret investigation ; and moreover that I could never be brought to believe that those men were enemies to his Majesty, who by their measures, counsels, fortunes, nay, even by their blood and many proofs of unheard of constancy, had snatched him from captivity, and gloriously placed him on the throne of his ancestors. Such I said were my feelings, and that nei- ther remorse, nor scruples, disquieted my conscience ; that infallible monitor causing me to look contemptuous- ly on any offer, the object of which was to induce me to a breach of my duty; and that I would cheerfully sub- mit to death, if such were the only means of preserving my honesty and character ; since in descending to the grave free from guilt, weakness or any stain of infamy, I should have fulfilled my obligations and answered all my desires. Prada was startled at my firmness, but contented himself with saying, that he left me to my own reflec- tions, in hopes that they would induce me to weigh the subject maturely, and discover the value of his offers, and the woith of /his charitable interest. He then with- drew, announcing his intention of repeating the visit in which he said he built great expectations. This took place in about a fortnight afterwards, and a repetition of his former offers and threats ensued, and of the same answers and firmness on my part ; he left me evidently dissatisfied, and I remained still shut up in my solitary confinement. From that time my sufferings considerably increased ; the keeper and his myrmidons surpassed each other in their ordinary coarseness and inhumanity, they refused me the food I asked for at my own cost, or else they took my money without bringing me that, which it was �35 intended to purchase, For some days I was left withe out food or water, and my supplications were eitaer un- attended to, or answered with insulting irony. Once the keeper threw upon the ground my supper, which I had asked for three days before and which was quite rotten, accompanying this improper act, with the polite phrase, “ I wish you were going to be hung to-mor- row.” Don Domingo Quintana, a Judge of First In- stance at Madrid, who was likewise confined, pitying my wretchedness, sent me the remains of his meals ; but it being known, he was forbidden to render me that miserable assistance. Every means of vexation were employed against me, and I could not help observing in every thing a premeditated intention, to curb the inflexi- bility of my character, by means calculated to drive me to desperation ; so that, overcome by so many suffer- ings, I might at length yield to their wishes ; but as I had never feared adversity [ triumphed by my patience, over such a horrid manceuvre; and all my enemies could do, was to enfeeble my body; my mind on the contrary deriving strength, from the idea of the supe- riority which that man must possess, to whom they at- tached so much importance. For three months I struggled against ills sufficient to undermine the strongest constitution : tyranny exhaust- ed its inventions to refine my tortures ; my narrow dun- geon was seldom cleansed, and I spare my readers the disgusting picture of the nauseous filth and unpleasant stench which prevailed in it, and of the raggedness of my miserable bed filled with every kind of vermin which putrefaction produces, Finally a damp thick air which Was never renovated ; a nourishment not less deficient In quality than quantity ; and a want of light and ex- ercise, which almost deprived me of my sight and pal- sied my limbs, caused me the most excruciating pains which were augmented by the sores that covered my miserable body, ‘The bitterness of this deplorable si- ‘uation was moreover increased, by the vociferations which almost nightly resounded from the adjoining street of “ Death to the lame man of Malaga.” �tie iF Vii § ae wih | Haut iru ‘8 . ; aeons 36 In vain did I solicit the Keeper to have me removed to the Infirmary, or to procure me medical assistance ; my groans and lamentations were delightful music to the ears of that perverse man. In vain did I entreat him in the name of humanity, or invoke that charity pre- scribed by religion; or make use of that eloquence which deep feeling inspires and enforces; or show him the sores with which my body was covered ; nothing could move that heart of steel, which delighted in the barbarous pleasure, of witnessing the sufferings of his fellow creatures ; and inhuman silenee, or an insulting smile, was all I could get from him, From complaints I had recourse to the bitter and harsh reproaches which my situation suggested ; and these were answered by contempt, sarcasms or threats. I found myself ap- proaching the end of all my troubles in this life, and my death would have been inevitable, had I not, strength- ened by desperation, called out for relief, to a prisoner who was confined in an opposite dungeon, and who, be- ing ill, was visited by a Physician; him he made ac- quainted with my situation, who, calling for the Keeper, compelled him to open my cell. The ery of horror he uttered on seeing me, proved how much he was shock- ed, and he directed that I should be immediately taken tothe Infirmary, I then thought the epoch of my re- lief was at hand, and that an end would, at least, be put to my torments; but how was Ideceived! ‘The barba- rous keeper paid no attentien to the orders he had re- ceived; and, five days afterwards, perceiving the phy- sician was again in the opposite cell, I renewed my la- mentations, imploring his humanity. He then again called the keeper, and upbraided him with his cruel and malignant delay, stating, that though I were the greatest criminal on earth, no law, human or divine, could au- thorize him to act so unmercifully towards me ; that he was a murderer, and notoriously went beyond his pow- ers, which were limited to keep the prisoners in custody, and could never be stretched to torture them. He com- manded him to have me removed that moment, which the keeper promised to comply with, but he again disap- pointed my hopes. My depression was then such that � 37 I could not even complain, and probably should have died, had not the humane Physician, aware of the cri- rina! indolence of the keeper, returned in three rage and seeing me still in the same situation, eae ; keeper, that he would report the whole to the King ; and he in fact did make a complaint to the Judges com- missioned to conduct the trials of State criminals, and obtained from them an order for my remeval to the In- firmary, which took place within twenty-four hours, and I was conveyed from my dirty and narrow dungeon, in an almost lifeless state, by four men. In coming into the light, I could perceive nothing, but a dusky red mist ; my limbs were all deprived of motion, and the bare impression of the air, produced such an extraordi- nary sensation on my organs, that 1 was very near breathing my last. . At the Infirmary I continued for some days insensible to what was passing around me; but no sooner had change of air, improved nourishment, and medical as- sistance, restored some degree of vigour to my exhaust- ed frame, than my intellectual Powers aroused from their torpor, caused me fresh torments, I could perceive that I was strictly watched and kept from all intercourse. I knew the horror of my situation, and the plots em- ployed against me: I was aware of the hopelessness of my defence, and of the many risks which threatened my innocence ; even in the care taken to bring about my recovery. [ thought I saw an anxious desire to keep alive a victim, that was to be sacrificed with solemnity and show. Howeve; my fortitude Supported me; and though deficient in those eminent qualities which distin- guished great men, yet the idea of being persecuted as they were, elevated my mind, and I was no longer afraid of a death, suffered for the cause of Justice and Truth. 7 Being therefore easy res tiently awaited the re moved, at the end o Bk, Soles, a Judge a the confession, and gloomy aspect, pecting my future fate, I pa- sult of my trial, and received, un- f three months, a visit from Don ppointed to receive what js called make out the charges. Still, his his affected gravity, his tone of voice, D � 38 and. his prying looks, induced me to form no favorable idea either of bis visit, or his character. Nor was I de- ceived. He began to accuse me with all the malignity, of aJudge, not willing to recognize truth and innocence, but determined on, the contrary to find crime and a cri- minal, My memory has only retained the beads of that noted confession, Being asked. why I had been a Con- stitutionalist, and had defended that system with so much warmth, I replied, ‘“* because I looked on it as a law of the State enacted by legal authority ; and anxiously de- sired, joyfully agreed. to, and. enthusiastically received, by. the. whole nation, who seeing, themselves deserted and, basely abandoned by their rulers, and engaged in the most dreadful conflict that had, ever been known, sighed. for their ancient institutions, which had been transmitted with veneration from fathers to, children, and under which they had been great, happy, and pow- erful,” I went, on to say, that I never noticed, that the Constitution, had any enemies but those who lived by the old abuses; but that even supposing. the system, to he as abominable as it was now intended, to, be, repre- sented; the, circumstance of its having been, admitted by the whole nation, and its, abolition not having a re-. troactive effect according to principles generally receiy- ed, freed me, from every imputation of guilt, and as.to, the warmth I had, manifested in the defence of the Con- stitution, it. was no, more than I had evinced. for the King’s liberty, and the independence of the nation ; that nobody not even his Worship was ignorant that na- ture had given me hot a, mean, cold, and indolent, spirit, but one firm, warm, and. active ; and I could; not there- fore comprehend the meaning of the word wanmth, con-, sidered as. a crime, nor how many degrees of it were wanted to constitute it, such ; nor could I, conceive how, an innocent feeling, so manifested, as not to be injurious to any one could bea crime, or, a matter to build: an accusation on. He next reproached me with being an, enemy to his Majesty’s Sovereignty, to which L replied that, if the word enemy could be applied to a, man, who had de- voted his fortune and hus only son, to the cause of his � [eo ee = ne ag ‘King and Country, who had suffered expatriation, | he birder to escape the punishment prepared for him a French, aid who had performed other notorious services for the same cause; then I was one of the greatest enemies his Majesty had. He interrupted me by say- ing, * you seem to have forgotten these, your former praiseworthy principles, and to have become as strenu~ ous a defender of those constitutional articles which tend to depress the King’s Sovereign authority"—" I have not (I replied) supported the articles you allude to, more than I have the rest ; _I witnessed the discus- sion of the whole of them, and felt convinced that they in HO wise depressed his Majesty's authority, on the contrary, I thought they were conducive to his splen- dour and glory. My affection wished to blend | the riaitié of Monarch with the more tender one of Father, ginee We had 4s much Tight to expeet; that his Majesty should look upon tis a8 Children ; but after all, this can- not bea particular éount against me, since 1am charged venérally with having supported the Constitutional sys- tem in all its parts’; a crime which the whole Nation was cuilty of, when it adinitted and joyfully swore alleviaiice td, those laws, without even the slightést remonstrance,”’ He then put aiothér quéstion to tié oa which’ he grounded a charge ; asking me why I liad deviated from those religious principles in which I had been educated ? I replied that the accusation was vague, and equally void of truth; but, as he insisted that there wére several a of my apostacy, I said, that although I considered him to be an incompetent Judge of this matter; yet I would thank him to point out the dopniag which I had attackéd, and thé arguments I had made use of in 80 do- ing. He then (putting on his spectaclés) read, in an undertone and very awkwardly, a few lines of the wri- tings he had before him, and thefi asked me whether I believed all that was contained in thé Crééd or symbol of the faith? On my réplying iti the affirmative, he ih- quired the reason I did hot attend Mags oni the Holy- day, and why I did ndt Wear a rosary; and count ftiy beads at night? To which I answered; that there was no conhexion betivéed the symbol of the Faith, réspéct- et ene so SS, Be eraser ia teh Ai ici et tai EA att AR AEN Se ae 5 oo cee oe ‘ � Cn eee 40 ing which he had interrogated me, and his last question, the former was a duty commanded by our Religion, the latter nothing more than a pious practice ; but that, even had I forborne to attend Mass without a sufficient cause, and. had never told my beads in my life, the most that could be brought against me was a Jukewarmness in my devotions, but by no means.an abandonment of the Re- ligion I professed. He was enraged at these observa- tions, which he, with too much levity, declared to be he- retical. I pitied his ignorance, and confined myself to observing that I hoped I should find more indulgence in Divines, notwithstanding their intolerance, and that I _ should not, therefure, alter a tittle of what I had said. He then asked, from what motives or by whom I had been commissioned to parade the streets at night with a band of music, or rather a riotous crowd, by which many alarming and notoriously seditious cries were uttered, evidently showing a decided intention of breaking the public peace, and depressing the rights of his Majestr, I evinced signs of astonishment on hearing this extraor- dinary accusation, a band of music, or a serenade, being but an ordinary event ; but, feeling confident that some ‘ snare was put to entrap me, I stopped a little to run over in my memory past events, in order to divine, if possible, the concealed object of so captious. an interro- gation; the wilful Judge interpreted my silence as a proof of my inward conviction, and, in this erroneous be- lief, he raised his voice, and advised me to submit to the testimony of my conscience ; and that it was in vain that I endeavoured to deny that which my countenance, em- barrassment, and confusion, but too fully proved. This untimely exhortation disclosed the intentions of my evil- minded Judge, and I very calmly replied, that I wished him more success at my trial than he had obtained in guessing the feelings of my mind, from the inspection of my physiognomy. My suspense, I told him, arose from the necessity I was under of exerting myself, in order to bring to my mind, as a particular occurrence, so com- mon an event as a nightly serenade, in a country where the mildness of the evenings, and particularly during the summer months, invited every body to seek amusement, % ee Za �4] if tot ease, in Such a pleasing occupation; and, theréfore, begged that his Wotship would be pleased to point out, narticulatly, the epoch of the serenade to which he al- uded; though I assured him, that under such circum- tances as he had mentioned it, none had ever met my fotice: He then told mé, he referred to the night of the 90th January, 1814, and that the disorderly conduct just fiaimed waé fally proved. (It ought to be noticed, that on the said day the King was still in captivity in France, and the Constitutional system in existence in Spaitic) ‘ Well then, Sir,” said I, “I must confess that I was one of those who attended that serenade, which, by its pomp, and the quality of the individuals accompanying it, must dispel all idéas of my having béen the leader of it, which Was also improbable, consideritg my notorious want of ftieans, aud my rank in life. Besides, Sir, the object 6f the said entertainment, was to shew our kind feelings to several deputies, for their support of the people’s rights; and which Deputies were the same who afterwards were the authors of the decree of the 2d February, which so powerfully contributed to hurl Napoleon from the sum- mit of his power, and place our King on the throne of his forefathers. Your worship cannot, therefore, suppose, that theré aré so few grateful men iu Spain, or so many wilfully blind to merit, that it was necessary for me to @ @ % ‘ Pcnaa and conduct such a just exhibition of feeling. am well aware (continued I) that it ts intended to find a crime in the most guiltless of all actions ; not, perhaps, on my account, but, amongst other considerations, to in- jure individuals who are obstacles to the wicked plots of ill-designing men, In that musical entertainment there was no tumult, no riot, no seditious cries, unless you call such, those of “Long live the King,” and “The Constitution and the Cortes for ever,” mixed with some acclamations to the founders and strenuous defenders of the former. The magistrates even followed and mixed with that peaceable crowd, which dispersed quietly and insensibly, as it commonly happens with parties of that kind. I joined in the acclamations, without any impulse beyond that of my own feelings, obeying the dictates of gratitude, patriotism, and the love of my country’s laws. � Neen nnn cemmeasannniaatiammmmmmn al hatte eat eee aes 42 He then insisted that I should confess, what were the confidential secrets I had been honored with, by several Hi members of the Cortes, (whom he named, and who were i; actually in confinement) since (he said) my frequent i visits to them, and the familiarity that existed between i us, had been already proved ; and without doubt, I was an instrument in those vile and abominable plots, they had forged against the King and Country ; which plots had been fortunately detected, as well as my share in them ; it would be therefore quite useless, (he continued) | that I should persist in my. denials and flimsy subter- en fuges, as by so doing, I should let slip an opportunity of tk saving my own life and character, by a timely informa- | tion, which would atone for my former errors, and pro- wif cure me the advantage of entitling myself to the Royal i favour ; nay, even to the rewards, which I should have a right to expect, for so signal a service, since the King, as well as his loyal servants, well knew, that false zeal, ignorance, and the deceitful brilliancy ofliberal opinions, rather than the depravity of my own heart, had influen- ced my conduct. I was displeased beyond measure at this insinuating offer, and with some warmth replied, that though a poor tradesman, and consequently desti- tute of those qualifications, which an accomplished edu- | cation afforded, yet I possessed sufficient elevation of wee mind, to resolve, not to purchase life, at the vile price of mee infamy, betraying the confidence of my friends, far more Ba valuable to me than the treasures of all monarchs : that ee now, happily, my inward feelings were in perfect unison nia with truth ; that the anxious love I had manifested for Bie the independence and liberty of my country, being pure, i disinterested, and free from every mean motive, had ae procured me the good will of some illustrious patriots, a who admired those qualities, and their unpretending and x frank manifestation ; and that, according to the know- ledge I possessed of the character, learning, and virtue of those individuals, I looked on them as men, who were truly a boast, and an ornament te their country ; that in their conversation I ever found something to learn, | since it breathed nothing contrary to the principles of 3 strict virtue and purified patriotism ; a fond affection �43 towards their King, a decided love of justice, and a ve- hement wish for the country’s happiness and glory, form- ing their chief topic ; that | never bh eard them speak of plots of any kind, but of consolidating the constitutional system, and of those reforms which were required in the several branches of public administration, spoiled and decayed by time, prejudice, and such disorders as were inevitably attendant, on the extraordinary and bloody conflict in which we were engaged ; therefore I thought that nothing but the basest envy, and blackest calumny, could dare to attempt to cast a stain on the reputation of virtuous men, who could be guilty of no crime, but of that most galling to mean souls, incapable of enduring even the pleasant weight of gratitude ; I mean, their su- perior merit. their exalted wisdom, and their eminent virtue. : He then proceeded to bring forward another charge against me which heinsisted on, I could not deny, viz., that I was a bribe agent, paid even to extravagance, by the Deputies of the Jacobin or Anarchical party, for the pur pose of leading a mob of desperate and venal men, to applaud their factious speeches, and to interrupt and put down, with noisy clamour and terrible threats, those Joyal Deputies who defended His Majesty’s rights, and the ancient and respectable laws of the kingdom against innovation; and that we had, by such damnable means, rendered null, that very freedom of opinion, which had been so ostentatiously proclaimed, so far, that an unbri- dled licentiousness, was already observed in the former party, and a violent restraint in the latter ; and that this was a fact so well proved, that my whole renown rested on no other grounds ; he moreover affirmed, that I was respected as a leader of the Galleriantes,* and as such I had been expressly permitted to enter the Galleries, with a stick in my hand, notwithstanding the strict prohibi- tidn which existed, that even compelled a Captain Gene- ral in the army, to leave his cane at the door; that it was notorious also, that I made speeches in public places, in the capital, where I was listened to by simple and heedless persons, thus artfully sowing amongst the * People who attended the Gallery of the Cortes, � 44 ddeile multitude, the seeds of anarchy, and teaching dis- respect to the law, insubordination to the magistrates, contempt of His Majesty’s sovereignty, (which I had styled tvranny), and insult to the holy religion of our forefathers, and to its respectable ministers, all this pro- ducing the most pernicious effects on account of the na- tural power of my tones, and of the air of conviction which I gave fo my discourses ; and lastly, that it was known I had received three dollats a day, and (he iro- nically added) both himself and thé public did me the justice to think that I had well edtned them ; and on that head I need not be afraid, that the delicacy of my conscience would have to upbraid me. : To this tissue of calumnies I replied, that it was very true I constantly attended the Galleries during the sit- tings of the Cortes, and that I had myself, asked and obtained permission of the President to énter with my crutches, which served me as a leg, and without which I could not walk ; the prohibition, moreovet, did not extend to them, as it was only canes, or weapons, unne- cessarily used, that were objected to, and the usé of which is not allowed even in friendly parties of pleasuré among the better sort of people ; but, that permission however was not intended as a distinction in my favour, nor had it so dastardly a source as his Worship had de- signated it. I admitted also that I used to attend places of general resort, where the inhabitants of the Capital ised to meet to obtain intelligence of the signal victo- ries, which at that period were repeatedly and almost unremittingly gained by the allied British and Spanish forces, under the command of the fortunate and illustri- ous Duke of Wellington ; that I there spoke as did many other Spaniards, of the speeches and debates of the Cortes, in which I felt myself as deeply interested as my Countrymen, that I felt a pleasure in confessing, that I always formed humble vows for those patriotic Deputies, who, without wavering, sought their country’s welfare. That I held discoures contrary to the Consti- tution of the Spanish Monarchy, I denied, as the articles thereof, both separately and collectively, were the objects of my veneration ; and that my King and Religion were �45 held so sacred by me that I never mentioned them, but in such terms, as they were spoken of in the fundamen- tal law of the state, even though I had no other motive than to obey that which it prescribed. I also added that it was not in my power to modify the tones of my voice, so as to render them less full and powerful than nature had made them ; nor could I forbear to feel warmly, and to manifest the same in my gesture and delivery, which could never be a crime ; that my attendance in the galleries of the Cortes, had caused me to notice that the trifling uproar, and the few cries that had now and then been heard in them, came only from individuals, known for their open opposition to free principles ; and that I had more than once contributed to restore order, actuated by the deep respect with which that sanctuary of laws inspired me ; I denied also having ever received the smallest sum, from any person whatever, to diffuse opinions which were too well impressed on my heart, to make an infamous traffie of them, since | owed my sus- tenance to my own manual labour, in the exercise of my trade as every body knew; I affirmed that the patriots neither gave nor received any fee for their opinions, leaving it to their own intrinsic worth and merit, to _ create proselytes ; and that those who gave bribes to ex- cite noise in the gallery and to promote disorderly con- duct, were people of another class, as two artillery men had given voluntary information to his Excellency Don Pedro Villa Campa, then Commander General of Ma- drid, that a Clergyman, commissioned by an Escribano called Garrido, (the same who attended the Judge in this very act) used to give them a peseta,* a loaf, and a glass of brandy every day, to go to the Galleries of the Cortes, there to create a tumult, and that amongst other things they were directed to shout “ the Constitutioa for ever,” that they might be thought favourable to the same, and that excesses coming from a different source might be attributed to the liberales ; that an equal bribe and commission had been given to many others; that the Clergyman being taken into custody plainly avowed the fact, and unhesitatingly named the aforesaid Garrido as * A silver coin, worth about tenpence, English money. � _ the distributor of the bribes. On hearing these words my Judge rose up ina furions manner, and his face dis- torted by passion, and his voice trembling with rage, told me I was a vile calumniator, and ought either to prove what I had asserted, or abide by the punishment which the laws awarded for similar offences. I replied, that I was so confident of what I had asserted, and could so easily prove it, that I was determined from that moment not to answer any of the counts, unless my replies were taken down in the written proceedings, ver- batim as I uttered them, and I had also ocular demon- stration of such being the case. This he firmly refused, and endeavoured either to inspire me with fear, of the consequences, or with mild remonstrances to persuade me, that my desire was useless as well as dangerous, till after a lapse of four hours, during which this singular scene lasted, finding I was not to be moved from my purpose, my Judge angry beyond measure, put an end to the business by saying, that my stubborn temerity put too many obstructions in the way of those who wished to save me, and, convinced that those who were any Ways interested in my fate, that I really deserved the worst; that they who thought I was possessed of doci- lity were grossly mistaken, since my words, actions and countenance, plainly showed my pride and rashness ; therefore, I ought to be prepared to experience the se- verity of justice, in the punishment of my enormous crimes ; and, to prove the effects of His Majesty’s in- dignation, since I had despised his proffered goodness and mercy. He then turned his back upon me in the most insulting manner ; when I, with aloud voice, firmly told him that he was too hasty in qualifying other peo- ple’s actions, particularly those which regarded my own character ; that my supposed pride was but the confi- dence which innocence inspires, and my obstinacy that well grounded and just resistance of not wishing to cast a Stain upon my reputation, by confessing crimes I was never guilty of; that I was exceedingly sorry I had in- curred His Majesty’s indignation, but that I thought it unworthy his noble heart to extend his favour to a man, who, by his baseness, would have rénderéd himself un- �47 worthy of it ; that he might display all the awful appa~ ratus of justice, prepare executioners, multiply tortures, and invent punishments, for none of them, could in the least terrify me, since a soul, strong in its innocence, Is appalled by nothing but by vice and, crime. oe Three days after, he again made his appearance, with a softened countenance ; but this affected mildness soon vanished, on entering upon our business. _ He repeated the charges made in our preceding interview, to which I gave similar replies, and, on coming to the last, I again expressed a desire that whatever I had said against the seducer, Garrido, should be inserted in the proceedings, and I, therefore, repeated the whole in more explicit terms. Neither entreaties nor threats could move me from this purpose; I wished, at all events, that the in- famy of my calumniators should remain on record, since they had carried their shameless effrontery so far, as to. accuse me of crimes, which the very clerk who was taking down my deposition had alone committed 5 the Judge was at last compelled to yield, and, under feelings of the utmost irritation, he directed Garrido to write all I had said against him. : | | : ~ From that moment, I was restored to the intercourse of my friends, and began to breathe somewhat freely. My extraordinary confinement and trial were the sub- jects of conversation, in all parties and circles, in the capital; many humane individuals sought to render my condition more tolerable, and, withont wounding my delicacy, ingeniously supplied my wants. All classes of persons called to order some trifling article of cloth- ing, and paid me five or six times the value of my work. I then discovered how inventive benevolence is 1n behalf of an unfortunate being, and how delightful it is to him. to be the object of such a feeling, when his own neces- sities and destitution of human assistance make him. view it as a blessing from Heaven. The.old presented me their purses, and offered me their consolations ; and even the fair sex, adorned with all the graces of bloom- ing youth, did not disdain to enter the abode of crime and sorrow, and to remain there with impatient curiosity inquiring about my situation, fears and hopes; I saw gE ———— on wirbaneiailsbeeahie sedece iar ctesie tensa aataceiaen ‘ Sa " . Lermintirec ache Nar Me si SS ES ie OSS Salt na gens clea Dea : Dae ee ae ee ene ete Pe st ohatRa TSR tity Ja sragersserbeep apocrine een = aici a i i mieneeee Hest Arana aici tie ag seh meateaieeehabninnnia dai ress near per eceeenioractedipirnineetcaiar sain dit ii PoE PRELAISE GE BAL TOES aS ; ashe i ~ Eee eae are Sh SO Seas stares a � their beautiful eyes filled with tears, on contemplating my poverty and unmerited sufferings. Tender and ge- nerous souls! let me be permitted to pay you, with the liveliest emotion, the pleasing homage of my grateful. heart. You were able to reconcile me to human kind, already become an object of abhorrence toa mind galled with so many vexations, persecutions and ingratitude. You inspired me with fortitude in my successive tor- ments, convincing me that though there were amongst my fellow creatures wicked tyrants & executioners, fully entitled to my implacable hatred, there were not wanting some deserving my love, for their honesty, humanity and benevolence. Notwithstanding, my present situation was, under circuinstances, comparatively happy; yet, it was not wholly free from anxieties and trouble. I was ordered to appoint an attorney and advocate, as counsel for my defence; no one would undertake it. I never considered that my poverty was the base motive which influenced the advocates of Madrid in their refusal; but, that they looked on my cause as hopeless, knowing that a power- ful party had destined me to be the victim of their triumph, and that they would never pardon me, nor allow any effort to be made to snatch me from their power. I was, therefore, left to my fate, as one on whom any assistance would be thrown away ; in consequence of which the Judges, who were commissioned to superin- tend the state trials, named for me an attorney and an advocate; the latter, who was called Don Juan Cabello, being quite inexperienced, was expressly appointed to conduct my defence, it being his first essay. Aware of their appointment, I earnestly sought an in- terview with them, in order to make them acquainted with all the circumstances of my trial, and to arrange with them my means of defence ; but they turned a deaf ear to my solicitations, and if they did sometimes con- descend to call on me, in consequence of my repeated solicitations, it was only to tell me, that I might give up all hopes of being saved, my crimes being but too well proved, and in a manner that would admit of no palliation ; they could, therefore, do nothing but pity �AW, ee —_— er _— - 49 me, and advise me to arm myself with patience and fortitude, and prepare to suffer the capital punishment of the gallows, which would, undoubtedly, be awarded me. About this time (which was inthe autumn of 1815), the insurrection of the unhappy Porlier took place at Corunna, which gave rise to the ridiculous precaution- ary measure of shutting all state prisoners in solitary confinement, into which I was of course transported ; and during my stay in this seclusion [ was given to un- derstand, that in two days my ultimate trial would take lace, and sentence would be passed upon me. In vain did I protest my want of defence ; ih vain did I call for my Attorney and Advocate, who refused to see me, until compelled by an order from the Judges. The latter then went so far as to tell me that 1 teased him to no purpose, for (as he had long ago told me), 1 was past all remedy, and should certainly be hanged. After this consolatory compliment, he turned his back upon me, and left me. The Attorney at my request presented to the Judges a memorial in my behalf, praying that I might be allowed (since I had made no defence), to be present at the report of the proceedings and during my trial, which was granted me, though it had been refused to severa) illustrious fellow-prisoners. | ee ‘The day appointed for the decision at length arrived, and I was conducted with the most awful preparations, to the house of the Commander, General Don Jose Art- eaga, where my fate was to be decided. A considerable escort of Grenadiers with drawn sabres surrounded me, some of them with the points of their weapons extend- ed, so as to touch my breast. Thus accompanied I was introduced into the aforesaid house; and conducted to the guard-room, where I was obliged to await the arri- val of all the members of the Court, without the least diminution in the solemnitices, er the smallest change in the threatening position of the sabres. At last the whole of the members being assembled, I was Jed ‘into the Provisory Hall of Justice, between two ranks of soldiers who, sword in hand, were ranged on either side the stair case. I there ebserved, that though the exa- E �Ne fetta lcm ncaa cmt L ieat cetnemnaCeaidaeeeenmaa NS EE - ; ge 30 minations affecting ‘other .prisoners. had ‘taken place publicly, mine was to be. private ; either in considera- tion of the favour granted me, of permitting me to ap- pear personally ; or from some sinister intentions. My Judges were six in number, viz. ; Sobrado, Valdenebro, and Vasques, Varda, the new Alcaldes de Corte, pur- posely brought from Galicia (where they had distin- guished themselves in the persecution of the patriots), to form the Madrid Committee ; their colleagues Gar- cia de la Torre, and my examiner Soler, who was ad- ded to the former for a few days only, and General Arteaga, the President.of that extraordinarv Tribunal, During the report of the proceedings which lasted more than 3 hours, | was kept standing. The reporter read them in such a manner, that neither I nor (according to my belief), my Judges could understand them, for the reporters in Spain have such a particular volubility of tongue, and know so well how to swallow words and even periods, substituting that which suits their purpose better, and to modulate their voice, raising or depres- sing it as occasion may require, and using such appro- priate cadences that the issue of a trial depends more en them, than on the Judges themselves In short, they are organs that sound according to the quantity of gold that is given them ; and.as I wanted the means of fil- ling their pockets with that precious metal, I plainly perceived that the throat of my reporter was only clear, to relate things to my charge ; but whenever any fa- vourable circumstance occurred, either a sudden cough - or some other accident choaked his utterance, so. that the evidence given in my favour by several respectable individuals, Corporations and whole Towns, was, passed over with the rapidity of lightning ; but when he. got to the end of the indictment, or ex-officio-information, we could all distinctly hear in high, full, and sonorous tones, that the punishment of the gallows was demand- ed against me, as a mischievous promoter of sedition, an agent paid by the disorganizing party, and an eneny to his Majesty’s Sovereignty and Royal Rights. Some of my readers will perhaps inquire what had been proved against me, to call forth so grave an accu- �S-e fo aS E ae — ae ae FPS EB ke & . =~ ae Sr ae eee ee ee eS es De RR a 2 —_= = ee 5} sation——none will make that inquiry who has any know- ledge of the manner in which these causes were carried on in Spain, it being a well known fact that nothing was ever proved in them against the accused, but what the Judges in their absurd charges, and the Fiscal m his sanguinary accusations thought proper to suppose. But. I consider it my duty to satisfy those who have no idea of the singularity of those extraordinary proceedings. All | know respecting my process is what I heard from the report made on the day of my trial, and the infor- mation which was laid before the Cortes five years af~ terwards on the subject ; yet, it is certain that laying aside the gross ridiculous and vague calumnies, which some of the witnesses (selected for the purpose), heaped together in their declarations, some denouncing their assertions either on their presumption and belief, or in the malignity of their own minds ; and others referrimg: to mere hearsays ; the only two facts spoken of immy process were, my attending the~ musical party on the night of the 20th of January, and having been present in the Galleries of the Cortes on one of the days in. which some disturbance took place. Upon the first. point all the evidence was limited to the saying of a wit- ness, who stated, that he had seen and heard me on the nicht of the music shouting, * the Constitution and the liberal Deputies for ever,” With regard to the second point, the only proof adduced was, the deposition of a single witness, who said, that upon the cry of Off! Off! being raised in the Galleries of the Cortes, he saw me amongst others behind him on turning himself round, in consequence of having received a blow, and being desired to join in the cry ; but, he did not even men-~ tion that it was I who did it, or that he had heard me shouting. I refer my reader to the report (hereafter annexed), which was laid before the Cortes by the Committee of Rewards, in the sitting of the 12th of November, 1820, which authentic document will render further explanation unnecessary, like a light which shines with an increased vigour just at the moment it is about to be extinguished, and addressing myself to him in reply, said,“ What can I say to you Sir? What can yon St ea t t / e4 tin % : ba tau + at $a) be ita iat & ; as M4 He. i Ps i at ef 5 ‘ IDB ¢ we cH | ie | 4 = E | om ’ iy in % H a a | ee t i is fk SRL + ar ® by 4 i. y g & £ £ come baa El h |e + ea i 3a & bege 6 Seat eh a ie : i ‘ Jy & ne ze gee s iat kau fee § a tae i ee i ALT ERT sty � 52 that unfortunate man ask, who is become the object of the most atrocious calumnies, and who has seen nothing from the commencement of these proceedings, but a decided intention to sacrifice hi? What can the man ask, who brought to a secret trial, in contradiction to the practices of the local Tribunals of the Country, and to the rules observed towards highwaymen and as- sassins, perceives amongst those who -have it in their power to decide his. fate, three individuals who seem to have been selected as the fittest persons to sacrifice him, who sent to.the scaffold. virtuous patriots, attached to their King, during the intrusive Government of Joseph Napoleon, under which they acted in their judicial ca- pacity ; who perhaps did the same with some of the partakers of their disloyalty, when from motives of | selfish calculation, they returned to the bosom of their | Country, who would likewise have shed the blood of __ the enemies of the Constitution, if that Constitution had not prevented them ; who afterwards on circumstances being changed, signalized themselves by their rigour against those who were attached to that Constitution, against those who, by dint of their exertions, have re- deemed their monarch from the captivity, in which, they did all they could that he might remain? What can the wretched man expect who has Jong been demanded as a victim, from such numerous and powerful enemies. The state I am reduced to Sir, closing the door against all hope, shuts it in like manner against fear, I can be- hold in such Judges not Magistrates, from whom I am to expect justice, but men predetermined to treat me as a delinquent although they may in their own hearts ac- knowledge my innocence. Perhaps this is my greatest offence, perhaps I have no other crime in the opinion of a certain class of persons than that of my being a silent witness, whose behaviour accuses their weakness and apostacy. In the honest and unshaken constancy of a poor mechanic, some of them behold the censure of their sordid versatility ; whilst others see in the well known facts which have been proved by the documents annexed to my process, that whilst I devoted my life, property, my comforts, nay, even my only son, inthe | � a Me a a a 53 defence of my Country, and of that very King of whom I am called an enemy; they were infamously serving against his Majesty in the employment of the Usurper, and calmly sending to the scaffold those loyal men, who under less obligations than themselves were fighting for a country which they had deserted. I will ask nothing Sir, not even to challenge those Judges, though I might well do so, nor has he any thing to ask, who from ihe commencement of his process has seen all legal forms trampled on in it, and all those laws devised for the protection of oppressed innocence, either passed over or forgotten. Where is the legal information that has been - given against me, or what are the legal grounds on which I have been proceeded against ? Where are the witnesses 2 Where the documents bearing evidence of the supposed crimes ef which the Fiscal accuses me ? Where is the law which condemns as crimes the acts I have been charged with? What are those strong testi- monies that justify my conduct, done with ? When have my pleas been listened to, or what means have I been allowed to propose them? Have I had sufficient time allotted me to produce evidence in my favour. Have I been allowed a view of the proceedings, as I had no one to defend my cause? Can the name of counsel be given to my advocate, who attends to my defence in the manner which the Court now sees, who never would listen to, except as it were by force, and then only to in- timate to me the necessity I was under of preparing for death on the gallows? Well Sir, if such isto be my fate I shall meet it with that courage which innocence alone supplies ; I shall end my life free from dishonour since I end it free from guilt, It is not my own crimi- nality, but the passions of wicked men, which have brought me to this pass; and may my blood so unjustly shed fall upon their heads, I will die a stedfast friend to my Country’s glory and independence, the peace of my grave shall not be disturbed, and I leave to my worth- less murderers the ignominy of their conduct, the de- testation of good men and the anguish of their own re- morse, if there should be yet remaining in their pitiless bosoms a small particle of honesty and humanity.” The ee Eee � Poe ay Mimosa tgs saan ar opates Se aa = aE | te i a a Bais oie 1 iit a viii i Rid at Hie Hr ¥ Biel! a i We | ae 1 } Wf Atte fe : fs sea) Fn Bi / bled PIG Fey Bie . i i Bs iY 4 Bt ‘ } Sa a aaaneibadiddemdamenmmnddmaddcaandanemmmammmatan:ammadamemeeneemdiieaee mamititesammaanetameuet ee o4 boldness with which I delivered this forcible speech, struck the Commissioners with respect. Not one of them made the least reply, the countenances of some of he Judges changed colour more than once, and I even thought I saw them feel in anticipation, that shame and tconfusion which I had denounced. I was sent back to mv prison, accompanied in the Same manner as I left it, and remained in solitary con-. finement a fortnight, expecting every moment that I should be dragged forth to death; an agonizing situa- tion which no words can explain! In the mean time, some very extraordinary circum- stences had transpired, relative to my trial, which were quite out of my calculation. The Judges, not agreeing to the accusation, sentenced me for six years to the gal- leys at Ceuta; but, on their submitting their decision to His Majesty, as was usual in trials of this nature, those individuals who had determined on my ruin, took his royal mind by surprise, persuading him that the Com- missioners had acted with excessive lenity ; that existing sircumstances called for an exemplary punishment, which should suppress bold and turbulent spirits ; and hat in my case, political and legal reasons most happily greed ; since being a great criminal, and at the same ime a helplesss and insignificant individual, my execu- ion would serve as an example, without that inconve- dence which would arise with persons powerful in rank ndconnexions. In short, they said and did so much, hat His Majesty disapproved of the sentence of the sommissioners, and ordered it to be returned to them, ‘ith the following decree “ Let these proceedings be xamined again and conscientiously.” The Commissioners thought their delicacy offended y this decree, and having taken a further view of the roceedings, six of them found no reason to alter their yrmer sentence, but Judge Vasquez Varela gave a dif- ‘rent vote, stating, that well might the punishment of ie gallows in conscience be awarded to me, and he in ict condemned me to it, grounding his sentence (he uid) on the laws, though acting against the impulse of is compassion, and being, moreover, fearful of offend- SE AEE Re = Sete SSR Asap tg Po ny ey ac NE so Rnd eh - � 55 ing His Majesty’s benignant feelings, by inciting him to shed blood to satisfy justice. The six remaining Judges represented to the King, that having taken a mature and deliberate review of the proceedings, and considering the feebleness of the evidence and my former services, they were of opinion Justice required that I should be acquitted, that my character should be vindicated, and that reparation should be made me for the injuries I had suffered in these proceedings; but, at the same time, keeping in view the existing political circumstances, which did require some measures beyond the common course of Justice, although within the sphere of it they thought they should act conscientiously by deciding on. that punishment which they had sentenced me to, that they were very sorry if they had incurred His Majesty’s displeasure, but that he might, in the exercise of his so- vereign power, award me the punishment he thought proper. This firmness, evinced by the Judges, did them great honour, and with the same did they repeatedly behave on other trials of the same nature, which the liberticide faction frequently submitted to their decision. I owe to truth and to this trait of integrity these just praises, as wellas some repentance for the asperity 1 made use of in upbraiding them at the scene of my trial, but the exasperation of my mind at that time may be pleaded in excuse of my warmth. . Those who had infiuenced the Royal mind dared not openly to blame the Commissioners’ firmness ; but being determined to make use of their ascendancy, wantonly to ruin all those, who had either inspired them with jea- lousy, or provoked their angry passions ; they persuaded His Majesty to approve the only vote that condemned me to death, and such an approbation took place by a small paper written by the King’s own hand, and simply | saying : “I agree to the separate vote of Judge Vas- quez Varela.” Thus these execrable beings, who exclusively assuming the title of loyal supporters of thrones, are the most pernicious enemies both of nations and kings. did not hesitate to cast upon the monarch the unexampled_ stain of passing judgment of death by �a aaVO———— ee ee ' eel eet 56 less himself, against a man whose innocence had been twice G ih | virtually acknowledged by those very Judges who had we been selected to sacrifice him. ie Whilst these things were going forward, of which I | had not at that time the least intimation, I continued, i (with the exception of the fortnight above-mentioned) in open intercourse, enjoying the advantages which the | kind inhabitants of Madrid strove to procure me. Alas! | van Bs I. could not divine that I was very soon to meet with one Lee | of the most trying events I had ever passed through in ae my life; an event, the terrible remembrance of which a still depresses my mind and freezes my bloed, even more than when I was under its terrors. ie On the night of the 27th December, 1815, the Secre« a tary of the Court of Commissioners appeared at the Hee Carcel de Corte or prison, where I was confined, and as+ sembling all the prisoners who were considered state < | criminals into the porter’s hall, then occupied by a strong 4 military detachment, he intimated to each of them re- ? id spectively the sentence which His Majesty had been | ma pleased to award against them ; to some the galleys in | Africa, and to others confinement in Castles and Fort- resses ; a portion was more mildly treated, being merely sent to Convents or Houses of Correction, but all were deprived of the places, honours, dignities and salaries, they severally enjoyed. ‘These sentences were imme- diately put into execution, by transporting those unhap- py men, in travelling carriages, to their respective places OT Sao oe Be sete tensoreteeeg ae -am eere are tae 2 Ra ae: bane a . of destination. I took leave of those iliustrious victims, | the partakers of my sufferimgs and associates in my tae principles, exhorting them to bear with patience the ~ te IS fresh vexations they were going to experience, and to J, keep in mind the noble cause for which they were per- secuted. I received their last embrace, and mingled my tears with theirs. My eyes followed them till they were ati 44 th iat out of sight, and my heart was torn with anguish on see- | ing virtue and patriotism in chains, while crime, perfidy, vice and treachery, infamously occupied’ the place to Hy which they had no title. et No mention having been made of me, (nor of two | fae | others, who were the next day merely sentenced to ba- | �| 57 | nishment from Madrid and all royal residences,) the charitable governor thought proper to favor me, by put- ting the secretary in mind of my existence, asking him if there was no sentence for me; to which he replied ta | there wasnone. I, therefore, (that cruel, despotic and Me inhuman act being over,) retired to my room, drawing i the most fatal conclusions from that affected forgetful- ness, A day or two afterwards, several individuals informed me, that as I was a man of no rank or consequence, I i was left to be sent as a common criminal to the galleys a in Africa, amongst felons and convicts of every descrip- a tion. Yet, this information could not divert my mind from the evil, which I had unhappily ;but too well fore- seen, On the 20th of the same month, at 7 o'clock in the morning, I was roused from my sleep by a voice that’ called me by name, and which I knew to be that of an inferior officer of justice, who told me to rise and prepare for my departure. I quickly did so, thinking I was to be led forth en la Cuerda,* as I had been informed I should ; I therefore under this impression on leaving my | room took the way which led to the staircase, but my a guide directed me to go further into the building, and at stopping at the door of a dark cell, I there observed a | two prison officers and a servant with large heavy fet- ters ; they took me into that gloomy place and after an accurate and scrupulous examination of my body, they put the fetters on my sound leg only, causing me such pain as I scarcely was able to bear. The courtenances of the men exhibited great agitation, and one of them a called Antonio, more merciful than those of his kind mi generally are, and who had previously shewn me some ei good-will, told me in a broken tone of voice, that what HE was then going forward had no particular meaning and i that I need be under no anxiety. ‘That I am not (re- | plied I), though I well know that in a few hours I shall pine Soteira wees i phere aap eaeee a STE nen eye 8 nme apie nane pag: 2 Amidst a set of Convicts, who are conducted to their pu- nishment tied together by a rope. � ——_ aaaanninaiaiennniiintenen anaemia aaaanmnnieds . an 58 | ne be led into the Chapel ;* I possess all that courage which 7 innocence gives, to endure my unjust doom ; had I been 7 more careful of my life, than of speaking the truth, a | single word would have saved me}; but I will never | purchase life at the price of infamy. Let my enemies do with me what they choose, I will mock their cowardly triumph by my firmness, and will rather die than ap- pear humiliated before them. They then brought me my breakfast which I scarcely tasted, and I was afterwards left alone to the indulgence of my own thoughts and the horrors of my situation, Sa) altho’ my mind was beforehand prepared for the event, ba 3 still its proximity could not but make that impression ae which was so very natural. The terrors of death pre- sented themselves to my affrighted imagination, and the sad conviction that I could count the moments of my re- maining existence. The last beams.of light were shining upon me, Very soon the darkness of eternal night would overshadow me for ever. All I held dear was to vanish from my eyes, my wife, my family, and my ‘ friends. I shall no longer see (said I to. myself), that | sun whose light enlivens and delights all mortals. Na- Vee ture will array herself in all the luxuries of vernal beauty, Wied but the delightful impression will not penetrate that , humble grave where my cold remains shall for ever lay. An infamous scaffold awaits me and previously an an- guish still harder to be borne. And what are the crimes that have brought me to such an unfortune end? My love towards my country and my scrupulous observance of its laws? No, that cannot be. Virtue can never be entitled to the reward of crime. It is to the injustice of men, to their ambition, to their bad passions, and to their thirst for dominion over their fellow-creatures, that I owe my being led to the scaffold, These thoughts and ideas completely overpowered me and giving way to the impulse of my feelings, I fell into a state of lethargic insensibility, retaining so indistinct | a feeling of existence that I am at a loss for words to Z * Chapel—Capilla, (Estar en la capilla—to prepare for | a death), spoken of Criminals who are in the chapel of the prison previous to their being taken to the place of execution, es eb ORR PRE NE i ges SiS ke neste reer Soars = SS Sea =: � og express it, nor do { think they-can be found in any lan- guage te give an adequate description of it. : I was roused from my torpor by the noise created by the opening of the door of my cell, and endeavouring to collect my scattered spirits, I exerted myself so far, as to appear calm before the keeper and. his servants, who then entered, and whe in silence carried me away in:the same chair in which I was sitting to the Chapel, the door and antichamber of which were occupied by grenadiers with drawn sabres. On-entering I observed on one side an altar with an image of the Holy Virgin de las Angus- tias, an arm chair (in which I was placed), and two other plain chairs; the Curate of the prison was also there, accompanied by a strange Clergyman, who both regarded me with looks of silent sorrow. Scarcely had I taken possession of the seat, from which I was to be delivered mto the hands of the executioners, when a man dressed in black appeared at the Chapel door, and, without advancing beyond the threshold, enquired for me, to which I replied ; he then asked me if I was Pablo Lopez, on my answering in the affirmative, he pronoun- ced these clear and decisive words, His Majesty, our Lord the King, has been pleased to sentence you to the ordinary punishment of the gallows. And what is the crime for which His Majesty sentences me to so cruel and infamous a punishment ? (enqnired I.) I have been told nothing else replied the personage, and disappeared. As I had long entertained the idea that this would be the end of my trial, such a harsh manner of announcing my fate made not the least impression on me. I had, be- fore hand, asked a fellow prisoner to recommend me to an ecclesiastic, to assist me in those awful moments in which I then daily expected to find myself; and he pointed out a friar of the order called Agonizantes, whose mildness and goodness would attenuate as much as pos- sible the bitterness of my situation. I begged the keeper of the prison to.send for him, and that Priest, although a stranger to me, obeyed my summons with alacrity. My object in this application, was to avoid the un- speakable torments which, under the pretence of religious charity, are inflicted on the unhappy convicts in Spain, �Or Seeeemeete a mat ld aa i cra aa al aaa en ee 60 during the two days they spend in the Chapel. Every friar, whose.lungs are sufficiently strong to allow him to exert his voice in an uncommon measure, and with such a barbarous calmness as to insult the miserable sufferer He makes it a duty of Christian charity to go and give vent ted to his imprudent and importunate zeal, by alarming and ih Held terrifying the poor victims. They remind them in strong | terms of the shortness of the moments they have to live, which they count with the most tedious accuracy. They, | paint a hideous picture of their crimes. They insist on | the justice of the sentence. They ponder on the severity of the supreme and inflexible Judge, before whom they are shortly to appear. They enter into a minute descrip- tion of the tortures of an eternal Hell, in the detailed account of which they introduce as many extravagant ideas as their wild fancy suggests, in order to overwhelm the unfortunate individual, who listens to them, with ter- ror and affright. They seldom utter those consoling and mild ideas which Religion presents. They never repre- sent the Deity under that character of goodness and mercy which would inspire the criminal with confidence ; all on the contrary is severity, inexorable justice, terror and pains, as horrible as their duration is eternal. I had already begun to experience some effects of that mistaken and afflictive charity. I had only been a few | moments in the Chapel, when the news of my approach- | ing fate being divulged amongst the prisoners, those in | the yard (who are generally the most profligate and des- | perate Characters) began in a solemn and frightful tone, | (which was answered from the rest within, in their rooms or cells, clanking their irons at the same time), to sing a Salve Regina to the Virgin with many other prayers, soliciting her favour that she would obtain for me from | the disposer of all events, a good death. ‘Their melan- | choly accent, tuneless voices, the unpleasant accompa- | niment of the irons, and the object of their sorrowful and devout prayer which they repeated every hour, had \ such an effect upon me, that I confess the first time 1 iv heard it my body was covered with a cold perspiration and I felt my spirits so much depressed, that I was obliged to use uncommon exertions, not to show sym- RV SSS Reh eens �61 f.weakness. The keeper then appeared to tell ao fiat his Excellency the Count de Miranda, the elder of the brotherhood of peace and charity, wished, to know whether the said brotherhood should attend me during the time I had to-spend in the Chapel. I replied that I submitted in every thing to the will of his Ex- cellency, and that he might act as he should think proper, and I also begged that he would ‘call on me ds I had something to communicate to him. The keeper promised me he would tell him, assuring me atthe same time that his Excelleney would not disappoint me; for that he found a pleasure in consoling as far as he was able those who were. unhappily in the same-si- tuation, in which I then found myself. | : ed The Friar I had sent for then arrived, ‘who in a:por lite, mild, and truly charitable manner, .pitied my fate and gave me consolation and advice, which considerably strengthened me; but, he at. the same time informéd me that he was sorry it would not be possible for him to attend me in the Chapel, since but a few days. before one of his community had publicly suffered death, for a most atrocious crime; and on which aceount his com- panions abstained from all public acts, until. time should wipe off that stain, which, though it ought'only to ‘fall on the criminal himself, appeared. to extend to the whole body of which:he was a member, in the eyes of evil minded persons; therefore under these circum- stances he was obliged to conform, to the general deter- mination. I was deeply.grieved at being thus deprived of his assistance, but unwilling to press him because ‘I thought the motives of his denial to be well-grounded, I begged him to point out a trusty!priest, from whose charity and learning I might expect ‘the assistance I wanted ; he named the Curate of the Parish of: St. Martin, and. I, -in addition, the Curate of Santa Cruz, both of whom the good: Friar promised to send me. The two Clergymen who were in the Chapel when I entered, continued pacing up and down, maintaining the strictest silence, when on a sudden there appeared a Friar of the order of Trinitarians, who was coming to ¥F Tee aaa SSS ee ee ae eS �- nent eeeeaeeatameet Oe ee ee 62 make a trial of his skill and my patience. I am not equal to the task of describing his odd and ridiculous appearance, although I am anxious to attempt it. His diminutive size, his dark olive complexion, his flat nose, his severe look, and unseemly manners, soon persuaded me that his soul, the inmate of so ill a body, must par- ticipate in the faults of its ridiculous dwelling-place. He stared at me with impudent curiosity, and without further introduction sat down in a chair close to mine, and addressed me in the following manner, “ who would have thought two years ago that you would have come to this? But you have richly deserved it, for havin ae followed heretical doctrines contrary to our holy Reli- ka gion.” I calmly replied, “ Father I thank you for your of polite and charitable way of addressing me, but you | must know that I neither want your assistance, nor your counsels, having entrusted the care of preparing my soul for the awful event that awaits it to two respecta- ble parsons, worthy of my confidence, who are true mi- nisters of Christ Jesus, and from whom I anticipate those consolations and assistance which it belongs to _their holy character to afford.” “Then I see” said he _ in a@ very angry tone, “ you still preserve that capri- cious stubbornness which has always distinguished you, and which has brought you te the state you now are in, Your contempt of a minister of the most High, but too well declares the feelings of your heart. I perceive in you the fatal symptoms of final impenitence. I dont come here for my own pleasure, but by an order from the Almighty and to fulfil my duty ; and in the name | of that God, I tell you that you have but a few hours to live; that you have been a most wicked and criminal man, who have turned your back on the reli- gion of your Fathers by adopting erroneous and hereti- cal tenets, and by declaring yourself an enemy to the King, who is the image of the Godhead on earth ; for which enormous crimes and heinous sins against God, the King and your fellow creatures, you could not atone by the loss of a. thousand lives, if you had so many. There is no other resource left you, but that Divine Mercy, which you as a rebellious sinner tenaciously re- | 7 � 63 ject. Look to it” said he (raising his voice to the ut- most pitch), “ this is the last assistance which a merci- ful God allows you; should you neglect to improve it, hell is opening beneath your feet, and the Devils are preparing to carry away your pertinacious and unhappy soul.” He would have gone on, but I, annoyed by his tiresome and insolent verbosity, interrupted him by say- ing, “ Father as soon as I saw your strange and ridicu- lous form, I was convinced that. the common enemy of mankind (and not God as you say), had sent you here, to disquiet my soul and put my salvation in danger ; and he could not certainly have entrusted such a com- mission to a person more capable of fulfilling it than yourself. Tell me pray, on what grounds do you charge me with impertinence ? What knowledge do you pos- sess of my character to tax me with being headstrong and obstinate ? What evidence do you adduce to prove that I am a vicious and desperate character? - Wherein have I been guilty of apostacy from the religion of my. Fathers ?. Upon what foundation do you call that man an enemy to his King, whom, ne one in his own station has surpassed in making every kind of sacrifices for his cause, and who though now condemned to an unjust and shameful death by an act of the Royal will, still offers up to Heaven his most fervent prayers for his Majesty’s life, prosperity and success 2 Can the resignation with which I am awalting a most unmerited execution, and my having of my own free will called in two respectable priests, who by their virtues and plety may prepare me to meet death as I ought, be construed into symptoms of irreligion, of impiety, of impenitence, of having fol- lowed tenets condemned by our holy Church? And even if I were so criminal and so hardened in my ob- stinacy, as you have calumniously and grossly supposed in your last insolent speech to me ; would the exaspe- rations, the effrontery and coarseness,which you have so improperly displayed, be fit means to convince and re- claim me? Is such the peace, the charity, the mode- ration, the mildness of that Gospel, of which you un- uly call yourself a minister? Are these your ideas of _ the sanctity, omnipotence and mercy of our God ? �aa on nance. ar ilheeehaceieeninnnaicienmmitenaane damnatene tamentnahta teem ames emanate ete e 64. | Mine Sir, are by far more sound and just ; the voice of. conscience which at this moment speaks without dis- guise, tells me I'am innocent. I shall‘appear before the supreme Judge with that confidence inspired by a. soul unspotted by crime, and'a knowledge of his mercy, from | whiely I hope the forgiveness of such of my involuntary weaknesses, aS are inherent to human nature. Retire Father, and leave me to myself, your offices are useless, * and even hurtful. Go, I repeat, for T look upon youas, | an ignorant man, or rather as an emissary of Satan ex- pressly vomited out of Hell, for the purpose as I said before, of disturbing my peace of mind, exasperating my temper, and endangering my salvation. I then begged the sentinel, to call in the officer on duty, whom I entreated, in consideration of my la- mentable situation, to permit the entrance of every in- dividual who should call, whether Clergymen, Military men, or others ; but that he should prevent all Friars, of whatsoever order, rank, or dress, from having ac- cess to me, since the one before me, far from bestow- ing that assistance and ‘consolation, which my circum- stances called for, had increased my torments, and agitated my soul, by the gross. and impudent terms, in which he addressed me. ‘The Officer acceded to my request, and I could plainly perceive in his coun- tenance, his determination to enforce it. The Friar, | who might have made the same observation, and fear- ing probably that the exclusion would begin, by send- ing him out, in a manner not the most agreeable, thought proper to retire, and, drawing hishood over his face, went out muttering some farewell phrases, between his teeth ; whilst I thanked God, for being so easily freed, from his importunities, and his strange and abominably ugly form. . | Shortly after, the Curates of St. Martin and Santa Cruz appeared. I immediately discovered in the former, that mildness, and ’suavity of manner, that in-. formation and that amiable and attentive charity, which so well became the sanctity of his profession, and which are the never failing characteristics of a good heart; whilst in the latter, I perceived a strong bias, in fa- �Se oe 65 vour of anti-constitutional principles, and, a certain hardness of heart, which proved very distressing to my feelings, and caused me to repent my unwise choice. He, of St. Martin, lamented with me, the injustice of mankind ; he thought me innocent, and spoke to me of the life tocome, in the eternal duration of which Almighty God dispensed his justice, on all mortal ac- tions ; andin whose presence, all eur little passions completely vanished, and from whose vengeance neither political motives, nor those pretences under which hu- man malice endeavours to conceal itself, could devise anescape. There it was that eternal truth would over- come calumny ; and I should reap the just reward of my long sufferings ; that it little mattered, whether or not I appeared guilty, in the eyes ofa misjudging world, (the period of our earthly existence being so limited,) provided I was acquitted by my conscience, and by my supreme Judge, and considered by him worthy of a ne- ver-ending reward. The Curate of Santa Cruz spoke in a different style: his whole care was to explain to me at length the dogmas of religion, requiring me to assent to them, and suppos- ing me in doubt, though my answers shewed that I had none, he set about dispelling it with no less dullness than ignorance, 3 This difference in their opinions, being calculated to perplex me, I inwardly determined to listen rather to the curate of St. Martin, whose mildness and learning so much more eontributed to my consolation, being every way far superior to his fellow clergyman. My agitation on this head being calmed, I had some scruples respecting my asperity, towards the Trinita- rian Friar; unwilling to leave unrepaired, the injus- ticeimplied in my observations to him, which I then thought contrary to Christian morals, and to my own character, I candidly imparted the whole occurrence, to both my directors, and manifested to them, a desire to call him back, and ask his pardon, as a proof of my repentance. The Curate of St. Martin stated it to be his opinion, that nothing more was re- quired, than my inward feeling and plain avowal of my ee a ee ne ln i A el a oe tit ma �sted he deeeieneneeeienmed thie teeta eee nad eae ace ee 66 | fault, in order to justify me, before God, who. knew the sincerity of my heart ; that, my seeing the Friar again ought to be avoided, as his appearance, and some. imprudent expressions, which he might. make use of, would probably disturb again, that imperfect, calm, which Ithen experienced. The Curate of Santa, Cruz thought otherwise ; giving it. as his opinion, that I | ought tosend for the Friar, as no kind of humiliation, y could be deemed sufficient, to make reparation, for any disrespect, however small, shewn to a Priest; that I wastoo much blamed as an irreligious man, and_there- fore my taking such a step in favour of a minister of re- ligion, would be a public testimony to the contrary. I adhered to the latter advice ; and though the form of the Friar when he appeared, excited the same ideas as before, yet I humbly begged he would pardon my. vio- lence which he did in odd, and friar-like phrases, and giving me a corner of his.not-over-clean Cloth to kiss, he withdrew. Although I made every exertion to appear calm, my heart was suffering the indescribable torments ofan in- ward struggle; I could not blend the idea of my inno-. cence, with that of my punishment ; and the infamy at- tached to the way in which I had to suffer shook my im- perfect resignation. I then thought my want of firmness was a rebellion against. the decress.of heaven, and that jt would unhappily diminish the merit of my sufferings. Ab! what an agonizing situation! I wish my enemies may never experience the like, It being already late, and. the attendants knowing the violence.of my internal sufferings and my want of food, presented me a basin of broth; but what broth ! a black : stinking fluid, in a dirty leaden vessel, at the sight and | smell of which my enfeebled stomach recoiled. I did not conceal my reluctance to taste it, and begged that out of the small funds I had still left, (the produce of the gene- rosity of the inhabitants of Madrid,) I might be provi- ded with a nourishment of. a better description, and ina cleaner. and more decent vessel, The brethren of the order of peace and charity, who were then in the Chapel, told me that I should have that sort of nourishment I � seal 67 wished, however costly it might be, without being put. tothe least expense ; but.as to the vessel, that could not be dispensed with, as it. was an, established custom: not to allow,the use of glass, or any other ware, which might be broken to pieces, and made an instrument with which Culprits, about, to ascend the Gallows, might commit suicide. This caution, however, judicious | may now think it, then excited my, wonder. I thought it was only made use of towards me, and I imagined that so great an anxiety was only manifested, that an opportunity may. not be lost of giving, by the means of my punishment, a horrible and exemplary lesson to those who had es- teemed me, anda delightful revenge to my bloody-mind- ed persecutors, The idea of:my innocence recurred to my imagination with redoubled vivacity, and I expe- rienced so violent an agitation, that I wished that: mo- ment to breathe my last, to. escape its, endurance; and not being able any longer to restrain the impulse which almost over powered me, I vehemently exclaimed, fixing: my eyes on the image of our deceased; Redeemer, which his holy Virgin Mother held in her arms, “ O Lord, thou who arta modelof innocence and sufferance, do not with- hold thy support from that unhappy man who. so. much needs it ; or grant that this moment may, be my last, lam not afraid O Lord, of that death I. behold sonear, but. I want to learn how to meet it with becoming resignation, in the infamous manner in which it is prepared, What are. the crimes, oh God, which I have committed in thy sight, to deserve such adoom? Is thy, justice dormant while the ianocent man.is oppressed, and the wicked trium- phant,? Will thy vengeance ever just and. inevitable, leave the iniquity of those who-trample. on. virtue and, innocence, unpunished ? Wilt thou permit me, guiltless, to die with the stain of criminality upon me? What then will become of afflicted virtue, when it.meets with. nothing but oppression, tyranny, and degradation 2” I, was then interrupted by the Curate of Santa Cruz, who said that I was upbraiding God. unjustly, and that my, . complaints, bordered on desperation ; that I ought to think better, and be persuaded that divine: justice, was... not liable to error; that I euffered justly, and. that. he aT yy ann en mmmmnneeananeieeeen seen Seger ot aoe Se A Fat a i a ee RE na SiS fea: a weitere 5a oe aed en taser ES mi asad h Sade titam etna dened �a eee . reaper ereerers area nn Se aaa aD athe hheeeteneneeeaiiena te dietane 4a eee tee ee 68 was sorry to discover an obstacle to my salvation in the false persuasion I entertained of my innocence, im which was implied an evil judgment against my fellow crea- tures and a suspicion of the reetitude of my Judges, who had undoubtedly sentenced me according to law, their conscience, and the evidences given during the pro- ceedings. He begged I would dismiss such erroneous ideas, which shut the door of my repentance ; and ad- ded, that I ought to feel resigned and convinced of my guilt ; and to confine my desires, words and actions, to ask that pardon from God, the King, and mankind, whieh on account of my crimes I stood in need a 4 ought (he said) to be aware, that the Lord whomI had addressed and who had suffered so severely for my sake, had his arms open ready to receive me ‘to his bosom, provided I should humbly implore his mercy ; but that he was on the contrary prepared to reject me, should my pride, obstinacy, and ingratitude, provoke his jus- tice. “ Father” replied I, “I am not certain that in my present agitated state, I may not have given utterance to some rash expressions against divine Providence, which from this moment my lips disavow and my heart abhors ; I venerate its decrees and submit to its dis- pensations, though they may wear the appearance of in- justice ; persuaded as I am that my weak reason is in- competent to investigate them; but do not, Father, de- prive me of the consoling idea of my innocenee. How cana man have offended the supreme goodness, who has such a profound veneration for it? Would it not be a hypocritical falsehood and against the divine law, to say I think myself guilty, when my conscience free from every passion that might influence it, says other- wise? And the crime which is imputed to me, being merely one of opinion, how can you expect me to think those Judges to be just who have trampled upon law, and the usual forms of justice? Have my exceptions and pleas been listened to? Have my services been weighed in the balance of fair, and impartial Justice against my offences, even supposing them real? Can I look serenely on the condemnation of so many illus- �iin iheammecanen = - aa At a ~ rere = a hin al ata 69 trious patriots, So.many virtuous magistrates, 80 many wise and learned men, who, with their blood and en- lightened counsels have raised the glory of their coun- try, and delivered it from a foreign yoke? Can the involuntary errors of their understanding render them liable to punishment, not only depriving them of those rewards to. which they were entitled, but even causing their former eminent services to be forgotten, and in- sultingly despised? How can’ you ask me, Father, willingly to embrace sentiments which my understand- ing refuses to admit? Haw does it appear. that my Judges were gifted with infallibility 2? Are they not like all other men liable to error, and to be. carried away by their passions ? Have you not heard of some of them condemning to death as criminals, individuals, belonging to the various political parties which have divided Spain, and of which parties they themselves had previously been members ? Allow me then to complain of their iniquity ? Leave me this possession, the only, one I have, the persuasion of my. innocence ; and do not convert into,a crime my unwillingness to appeal criminal—permit me to preserve for.God an unspotted heart, and to implore his mercy for the weaknesses which as a manI must. have committed, but not for crimes which I never imagined. I am resigned to the lot which has fallen to me, though a most unfortunate, one.; and I trust the divine goodness will look on it rather as.a sacrifice than as an expiation.. Still my friend, replied he, you may in the course of your life have committed some offence, which having been hitherto concealed from the observation of man-. kind, and consequently left: unpunished, it has now pleased Divine justice to visit by your present and fu- ture, sufferings; for every thing is open to that justice which penetrates the inmost recesses of the human heart. Should you feel persuaded of this wholesome truth, you will be a gainer by suffering the. punishment which awaits you, viewing it as just and sent by the. hands of God, in order to give you that opportunity of repentance, of which a sudden death might have de- prived you; and dismissing wholly from your thoughts an a At Mee a il PPro re a speraes snempcnsmperaes ea i ara ewe Sennen eee ne , Sheers ponrepapoarepenenee SS parte ite 2s SS = Se : � 70 | | the culpable idea of your being so guiltless as you sup- Al pose yourself; an idea which, let me say, takes away i your tranquillity and prevents you from duly preparing i yourself, to appear before that tribunal which to-mer- ! TOW awaits you. eed You must learn, Father, how to combine the contra- | i diction which appears (according to my weak judgment), a in my being publicly punished for an apparent fault, Veh and suffering for a real, though a hidden one ; thereby depriving punishment of its only use and intent; that of deterring by example. I do not think it necessary at present to enter into such a discussion as the subject / would admit of ; but I was ever of opinion that offences Ie such as you suppose, were only punished in the life ; hereafter, where they are fully proved. The only thing 4 I can assure you in these most trying circumstances is, my neighbours reputation or his property, nor have I borne the murderous stee] to imbibe it in the blood of my fellow-creatures, I have been a lover of peace, sub« i mitting to the laws, and venerating Religion, instinc- tively and willingly fulfilling every social duty, and chiefly those belonging to my station of life; I haye One shared my bread with the needy and unfortunate, who fee applied to me for assistance, ever met with something i. beyond tears of unfruitful pity. Ido not in this boast of any merit ; my poor virtues were not acquired, but the effect of that happy temper of mind which I owe to a our Supreme Maker. But if, in Spite of all this, you still insist that I should think myself criminal, shew me how to overlook my own judgment, since while I am | a under its influence, I can neither think, speak, nor act | a otherwise, if The Curate of St. Martin then interfered, and after | al assuring me, that there was not a shadow of criminality | ___ in my feelings, he mildly begged the other not to insist ie on a point which might lead me into a dangerous vaci- i; lancy, from which I was then happily free ; that since I | | so humbly submitted beth my mind and reason to the decrees of Providence whatever might be their source, | ; i resigning myself to my destiny, he could see no danger t indo sat neon ett titra ita tithe Lire toatl . es �71 in my supporting an opinion of my own innocence ; it being a mere act of the understanding grounded on such evident arguments, that others of a superior force would be required to overturn them ; the demonstration of which called for more leisure and a more perfect tran- quillity of mind than I could possess ; then turning to me he exhorted me to imitate our blessed Redeemer, who though innocent forgave his enemies, praying to his eternal father for them, even whilst nailed to the Holy €ross. i thanked this worthy Clergyman for his well-timed and proper arguments, by means of which he put an end to a conversation which soured my mind, and re-opened my ill-cured wounds. _ This being over, they asked my permission to intro- duce a Friar, who said he came to administer the indul- gences of his order. My first impulse was to refuse, but being determined to conquer all feelings whatever, which might be construed into pride, I consented to see him. I do not know whether the strong prejudiee with which I have ever looked on all Friars, both on account of their usefulness and the evils they have brought on my countrymen, made him appear to my imagination in the most unfavourable point of view, but such was the ease, he was of the Carmelite order, tall, remarkably stout, and so dark as to appear almost black; he had small piercing eyes, crooked nose, and altogether so sa- vage an appearance, that all his motions announced harshness and barbarity. With a trembling voice he told me, that provided I was willing to receive the num- berless indulgences granted to the religious order of our lady of Mount Carmel, I should kneel and make up my mind. To which I replied, that I had intention enough to receive them, but as to kneeling I could not do it, on account of my physical defect, my weakness, and the heavy fetters which prevented me. He then placed the scapulary on my head, muttered some prayers and took bis leave without further ceremony. , The Cashier or treasurer of the brotherhoed of peace and Charity then told me, that I could make my will before him, as was usual with all other culprits, obsery- ing that I might dispose as 1 chose, of one third of the Bore tt y ee - -—— a PP PT a Te � 72 alms I received in the Chapel, and at the place of exe- cution ; the two others being respectively destined, one for the expenses of the Chapel, and the other for my. funeral Masses and burial. On hearing this, the prison Chaplain said, that the best use I could make of that. part left to my own disposal, was to pay for a chalice, forthe prison Chapel ; as the one which was in it, was in a very bad'state, and had a‘wooden bottom. T could not but think, (on hearing ‘his extraordinary and un- timely request,) on the ‘anxious ‘Care, with which the Priests of my Country, improve every opportunity of gaining something, since they beg, even of a wretched man on the eve of beinghanged. I paid no attention to his request, and bequeathed the said part as well as my scanty wardrobe (of which an inventory was taken) to my wife, and son, the latter of whomT had not heard of since the battle of Toulouse, where his regiment was and whereitis likely, he gloriously died for his Country. : This being done, I felt exclusively weak ; my in- ward struggles, the long and unpleasant conversations Thad taken part in, and the bad bed on which I had slept ‘the preceding night, together with the natural irritability of my temper, caused an extreme dryness of my lips, and a great bitterness in my palate, which being observed by the Cashier of the said brotherhood of peace and Charity, he asked me whether I would wish to take a glass of Jee orgeat, I repiee that I re- ally wanted it, but was afraid of the filthy vessels, in which my nourishment was served, He was silent, but soon after brought me a large ‘glass-full of the said drink, on a clean white plate, informing me, that dur- ing 30 years in which he attended the condemned in that chapel, there had been no example of the distinction made in my favour, taking upon himself the whole res- ponsibility thereof, confident that I should do nothing contrary to theconstancy I-had till then shown. I thanked him for his favour, assuring him I would never forfeit the good opinion he had formed of me, and I drank off the liquid, which seemed sent down from HEAVEN, yet its sweetness and freshness, were embit- ~~ �73 tered by the melancholy reflection, that it was the last I should ever drink. The news of my execution being spread over Ma- drid, a great number of people flocked to the chapel, aad I could perceive in them all, unequivocal marks of that pity which was inspired by my situation, and in many of them symptoms of the indignation which the injustice of my sentence excited ; but I never could fathom the motives which brought some, who, from the outside of the chapel, observed me with scrupulous con- cealment. I more than once, expressed a wish to submit to his Majesty, a statement of my loyal sentiments, asking for pen and paper ; but none of those in attendance, inclu- ding the clergymen, the keeper, and the Captain of the Guard, all of whom I repeatedly entreated to grant me that favour, made me the least reply ; maintaining on the contrary an affected silence. This mute denial, and the circumstance of the Count of Miranda not kaving come, notwithstanding my inces- santintreaties to that effect, persuaded me, that not even the consolation, of having my last words attended to would be granted me ; and knowing that the execution was to take place the next morning and finding it grow dark, I begged of the curate of St. Martin that he would receive my confession—lI shall never forget that act --That respectable and worthy minister of a God of peace, poured into my distressed heart, the wholesome aud delightful balm of religion; he confirmed me in my resignation ; he elevated my soul and rendered jt superior to all torments; the horrid image of the scaf- fold vanished from before my eyes, and I no longer saw but the triumph of innocence and virtue, the object of the divine reward, and of the respect and admiration of mankind. The storm which had so cruelly agitated and terrified me being happily abated, and having almost recovered my wonted serenity, my reflections calmly rested on the objects before me, when the Count of Miranda sud- denly entered the Chapel. He apoligised in kind and G r TT a a a — enna adamant = —_ ee od oe aa ey penne = reo nd i Hi ‘ 14, HAC} J if ; His an i THN x i on 49 � 74 polite terms, for his absence, which he attributed to the duties, which his station, as Chief Steward of the King’s Household, imposed upon him, but he was now come (he said) to repair his fault, requesting me to unburden my heart to him, as to aman of honour and a friend. Grateful for his courtesy and charitable manners, I thus addressed him. Sir, Your excellency’s goodness forbids me to abuse it; my intention is not to place you inan awkward situation. I am aware that my enemies, or let me rather say, the enemies, of my Country, have so far prejudiced the royal mind against me, that who- ever should dare to mention my name, would incur his indignation ; and still more so, he who should ask from L him that mercy, I do not beg. if Being about to appear very shortly before the su- i preme Judge, I have neither fears, nor hopes ; and t therefore truth, my pure love towards my Country, and | my fond loyalty to my King, shall dictate these my last t expiring words, by means of which, I will declare to fl your excellency, my sincere and loyal feelings, and my d deep respect to his Majesty, in these very moments, 14 when through an abuse of his royal name, I am doom- ed to an infamous execution. | h 1 do not require your excellency to convey those feel- M ings to his Majesty’s ear at present, this would be a use- i less and even dangerous step; but I beg you will so gt oblige me, when time shall have mitigated the rancour dl of the passions and the tomb shall have closed over my la inanimate form. Then I beseech you to remove from cr my ashes the infamy which now deprives me of rest ; ba remove it from my afflicted and helpless widow, and our — i unfortunate orphan child, if he has escaped the good rab fortune to die a glorious death with arms in his hand, Co fighting in defence of this very monarch, who condemns the the author of his existence to be put to death ona scaf- im fold. But far be it from me to entertain the idea, that it the King deliberately commits this act of injustice ; I i should deserve the severest punishments should I sup- hy pose so, from his noble and merciful disposition ; but Y he is surrounded by evil minded, treacherous, and trai- th torous men, who cause him to be unjust in spite of his oh � 75 feelings. The greatest proof I could give him of my affection would be to undeceive him, which I conceive to be the duty of every loyal Spaniard. I boast of being one, and the repeated proofs I have publicly given of my being so, render it unnecessary now to relate them. [ have pitied the oppressions of his youth when a prince ; wept over his captivity when a King; and contributed all in my power to his rescue. I thought with truth and sincerity that his Majesty would accept a Constitution, written in the blood of his subjects; a Constitution which appeared to me to be required by the exigencies of the Country, and as a just reward for the sacrifices made by the generous Spaniards. How could I ima- gine that his Majesty would forget the impressions he first received on putting his foot on Spanish ground ? that ground which he would never have seen, but through the heroical exertions of his subjects? Wherever he trod, it was on ground drenched in their loyal blood, every building he cast his eyes on was blackened by the devouring conflagration, which had raged there ; every individual he met was clad in mourning, in remem- brance of a husband, father, or son, who had devoted himself to restore his monarch to liberty. Did ever any people prove taeir fidelity by more costly sacrifices ? Were there ever any better entitled to their Sovereign’s gratitude ? And could I guess that he would feel in- dignant, that his subjects in reward of their heroic be- haviour should seek to preclude the possibility of a re- currence of a new conflict similar to the one they had so hardly endured, in which victory was so dearly bought, and to preserve him from falling again into such a misee rable captivity as that which he had just experienced ? Could I imagine, that my desire of rendering him, what the father of so loyal and heroic a family should be, would be considered as a crime? Ah, Sir! I could not think thus; nor could His Majesty have acted thus ; but intriguing and selfish men make him appear un- grateful. | ial These, Sir, have been my crimes ; crimes (let me say) of which an immense majority of our nation may be said to be partakers. I am one of those who did, and still ee ee eee Se ta - ee anne � aE SESS [contenant endian caenenneieneniena ee : 1 76 do believe, that the now abolished constitution was a blessing to my country, and the glory of my King. I 4 may have erred like many illustrious patriots, who pine in misfortune, through the same involuntary error ; but I am certain, that neither they nor I, have ever ceased to love His Majesty, paying him always that respect his | high dignity calls for. I shall die impressed with these , . feelings ; and my supplications are addressed to the Al- mighty, for the prosperity, success, and even the life of him, through whose orders mine is to be taken away. I beg your excellency will be pleased, in due time, to sub- mit to His Majesty these my last words; since my hard fate has not permitted me the pleasure of laying them be- fore him, written with my own hand ; having been denied the necessaries for writing, for which I have often earn- estly solicited. The commanding Officer of the Guard, evidently agi- tated, then interrupted me by saying, Don Pablo, His Majesty has given orders that you should be allowed to send him any petition you may think proper, with the . express condition that no stranger is to take any part in i it. The Count of Miranda, and all who were in the : Chapel, having till then kept a respectful silence, while I spoke, only giving free vent to their tears, which ac- companied and more than once interrupted mine, now unanimously exclaimed, that no time should be lost. I told the officer in reply, that not being in need of any one to express my feelings for me, I should in this as ir every other thing, fulfil His Majesty’s desires. The Curate of the Prison then offered to write the petition, since the state of my pulse would not allow me to do it myself. “Being left alone, I dictated whilst he wrote the following petition: — i h 1 b é A (RED rama Nitti ei call lll aman tadegalatat | ayia! ity 65 tng) |) eats) | Sara I SIRE, d I, Pablo Lopez, commonly called the Lame Man of h | Malaga, at Your Majesty’s Royal feet, say : that, if love E i towards Your Majesty bea crime, then Iam the greatest t | criminal on this earth; the only difference between my K — = Cou / affection and that of those who now serve Your Majesty, consisting in my having formed an idea, that the princi- —- 2s �i Kotiial Se ad rn anne ti hdd ata lta A sn “7 ples of the preceding Government, sworn to by the whole nation, would have rendered Your Majesty the happiest monarch in existence, as you had been the most unfortunate of princes. This, Sire, is my crime, I may have erred as a man, and in case this error of mine should be looked on as an offence, Your Majesty will in par- doning me, faithfully imitate that supreme being who re- ceives to his bosom the repentant sinner. | From the Chapel of this Royal Carcel de Corte, at a quarter before eight o’clock, in the evening of the 21st day of December, 1815. | SIRE, At Your Majesty’s Royal feet, ? PABLO LOPEZ, This petition having been sealed, was delivered to the Captain of the Guard, who immediately fowarded it to the Captain-General, who expected it, and took it directly to the palace. In the meanwhile, the Curate of Santa Cruz advised me not to give way to those flattering hopes which this step might inspire me with; since, thereby, my former hesitation and struggles might be re- newed, and destroy that tranquillity and resignation which I actually enjoyed. I replied, I entertained no such hopes, and whatever might be the result of the pe- tition I had just drawn up, it would in nowise dis- turb that calm mind with which I awaited my doom. He then took leave, and the Sergeant of the Guard, which had just been changed, appeared with a message from the commanding officer, requesting permission to keep me company a short time; I willingly acceded, and there entered a young Lieutenant of a Regiment of In- fantry of La Corona, with a pre-possessing appearance. He introduced himself very politely, and in the course of conversation, I found him to be a brave officer, and that he had received several wounds in the independent war. He was, moreover, a man of information, and possessing that exquisite sensibility, and those amiable qualities, which render social intercourse so pleasant; so true it jS that real valour is always attended with humane feel- ings and courteous moderation; whilst, on the other ss " eet ne ce een Oe ee ee ee ee eee -_ ns a ene MMA MAPA Adhd hy, Seiedieieetaiaitinie depteeeeeteenaeeel ee pe " (Re Hie 4 { � 78 hand, cruelty and insolence are the distinguishing marks of cowardice. Our conversation turned on indifferent subjects, and — the spectators wondered how I could be so calm, being so near my last hour. I perceived them preparing the table for supper, and I begged the young officer , provi- ded he felt no reluctance in sitting down to a meal with & man condemned to an ignominious punishment, to fa- vour me with his company at table; the expressions he used in accepting my invitation shewed his humanity and condescension, as wellas his good breeding. The supper being over, I told him that finding myself so fa- tigued from my sufferings during the last two days, and my want of sleep the preceding night, I felt some desire of taking rest ; and wishing to enjoy it for the last time, I begged he would order the sentries not to allow me to be disturbed, which he kindly promised to do, and we parted with mutual regret. I retired to bed at half-past nine in the evening, and slept soundly, undisturbed by visions, or terrifying dreams, until five the next morning, in the course of which my execution was to take place. When I awoke, the chapel was already prepared for mass, which was performed by the prison chaplain, from whose hands I received the sacrament. Then came in the other cler- gymen, and my resignation and tranquillity only led them to confirm me in my happy disposition of mind. The curate of St. Martin took me aside, and told me that he did not possess sufficient fortitude to attend me to the gallows ; that his spirits were no less disturbed than mine, nay even more so, as he saw me in a firmness he had never before witnessed ; that he was ashamed not to imitate me, and hoped I would excuse his weak- ness, and allow the attendance of another clergyman, possessing his confidence, who would discharge the painful duty. I was exceedingly grieved at losing, in such moments, so humane and charitable a minister ; but, unwilling to put his sensibility to a severe trial, I thanked him for his former good offices, and we agreed, that the threshold of the prison gates, should be the place of our last, and eterna! separation, eee P eet TP ,: 1 - ee i a ee eg te KS fT �nD, “itinerant esc nce een aetna cn tadene anemia cine eenelelneetae tattaeemmetial tented eeeenenennee anaemia ened 4 ? eee 79 I then heard in the street, the drums of the military who came to attend at my execution, and the bells of the Brothers of Peace and Charity, and their melancholy cry of—‘‘ Give something to pray for the soul of this poor man, who is going to suffer death.” I confess that I was piercingly moved by this combination of mourn- ful and sad announcements, of my immediate doom; tears came into my eyes; but I raised my heart to Hea- ven, and offering my sacrifice to God, I recovered my wonted serenity. Two of the Charity Brothers appeared ; one of them carrying in his hand a beard, covered with acloth. Be- hind him came a man, who suddenly throwing himself on his knees before me, said : “* Pardon me, brother, I am the executioner, I am under orders, and am not guilty in taking away your life.” As I had ever been shocked at the bare idea of dying in such an infamous manner, the sight of that man, and his ridiculous hypo- crisy, in begging my pardon, caused in me an emotion of anger which I could searcely repress. I pardoned him, notwithstanding ; though this was not the smallest. sacrifice I made during the process of my sufferings. Soon after, the cover was removed from the board, and I saw on it the garments and ropes I was te be adorned with, on my way tothe gallows. The execu- tioner took a long coarse whitish woollen gown, which he put on me, the Chaplain at the same time making a pious allusion to that, our Redeemer was clad in, during his passion ; repeating similar allusions as the execu- tioner went on dressing me. At last, the latter laying hold of a thick rope, four times twisted, passed it round my breast, and putting his knee against my back, he fastened it so tightly, that my bones suffered consider-. ably, and almost deprived me of breath, I complained . of this torture, but the executioner drily replied : ‘“ Par- don me, brother, I am only fulfilling my duty.” He then bound my hands with a smaller rope, so tight, that the free circulation of the blood being impeded, they shortly became black and swollen, ina most extraordinary man- ner, He alse placed between my fingers, across bear- ing an image of our crucified Lord, and a print of an po Ai tal tt Ahi tc lt es li Sal A ith sar tote iclaltarnhstrtecttitaad ds �Seen een ee ee ; uw ‘‘ Eece Homo” on paper ; then proceeding to unloose my neckcloth, and lowering my shirt collar, he left the | neck free and disencumbered, in order to give room to | the rope, which was to deprive me of life, He likewise | took off a black silk night cap, which I had on my head, ' substituting a Coroza,* made out of the crown of a whitish hat with a red cross on it. Seeing myself in possession of two articles (the neckcloth and night cap) which were not included in the inventory, I desired the officer of the guard to be called in, to whom I offered them both, asking him if he had any objection to accept of those insignificant trifles, which belonged to an honest man and a good Spaniard, as a token of remembrance, to put him in mind of my sufferings and my innocence. He assured me that he accepted them with pleasure, and would preserve them as valuable; as they would inces- santly present him with ideas and dear recollections, which that was no time to manifest. The prison turnkey knocked off my fetters, and from that moment my kind friends, the Curates, were constant | in representing to me that but a few hours were to elapse before I should make my appearance in the pre- sence of my God; which hours they exactly counted, and remarked that I had no resource but in the most ab- solute resignation, as from all appearances, the favourable effect I might have expected from my petition to His Majesty had completely vanished; so that I ought to look only to eternity, at the gates of which I might be said to be, and pray to Almighty God, that he would grant me courage and resignation to undergo my now unavoidable sentence, not doubting but that from his mercy, and by submitting to his dispensations, and offer- ing him the sacrifice of my innocence, I should obtain his favour and reward. More persuaded than even they were of the truth they endeavoured to impress upon me, I answered, that whether it was granted as a particular favour from the Most High, or arose from my protracted sufferings, I then found myself in possession of such a degree of for- * A kind of Coronet, worn as a mark of infamy by those about to suffer any punishment. ee he. ee ae BaerBiedg & Fe -_x-=S_-s mc we wm �81 titude as almost bordered on insensibility, so that I look- ed on life with perfect indifference, trusting, as 1 did, in the divine mercy, and in the uprightness of my present feelings, that I should find more favour and less misery ina future life, than I had experienced in that, I was soon to part with. A long procession of men, with lighted wax tapers, made their appearance, followed by a Clergyman, bear- ing an image of our crucified Lord; I rose from my seat to Receive so solemn and devout a train, when the cler- gyman addressing me said, that the crucified Lord who had shed his blood for me, was coming to accompany and strengthen me in that fatal moment which I was ex- pecting ; that I ought to fear nothing whilst im such sa- cred company, and that I should begin to walk towards the gallows with resignation, equal to that shown by our Lord on his way to Mount Calvary, for the redemption of mankind. I answered this pious speech, by a renewed protesta- tion of my resignation, and of the confidence I was in- spired with by the sight of the image of our Redeemer ; and then leaning on the arms of two of the prison ser- vants, I began to take my last steps in this life, on my way to the scaffold. | Besides those common and general acts, which, under ‘ an erroneous impression of religion and pious customs, are imposed on the unhappy man condemned to death in Spain, increasing thereby their agonies; there are some in each prison peculiar to itself. Thus, in that where I was, it was customary to place the condemned at a win- dow, which was on their way from the Chapel to the Porter’s Hall, and looked into a yard, filled by day with the most notorious criminals and malefactors, with which the prison abounds, and from that place, he who is about to suffer has to take leave of them, and make them an admonitory speech, evidently useless. I was forced to comply with this practice, and represented to them, with great warmth, the situation to which I found myself re- duced, and which I had not been able to escape, not- withstanding my constant care to preserve the laws in- violate, and keep myself from doing an injury to my fel- ne enn ES SST FE SE SSS SSA Te = ——— �i iii cee etn et ee areata eee en I ae ar 82 low-creatures ; that they well knew I was not a criminal, that I left them with sorrow, seeing them under such circumstances as rendered them useless to their country ; that I hoped such as were not guilty, would find those means of proving their innocence which I had been de- nied, and that such as were criminals might find, in re- pentance and a slight temporary punishment, means of being restored to society and becoming useful members of the community ; but, above all things, I recommend- ed to the whole of them, in whatever state they might be, submission to the laws, respect to the Kiag and to the Magistrate, and a love of peace and of their fellow-crea- tures. Many answered me with tears, and a gloomy silence reigned among them, as well as among those accompa- nying me, some half smothered sighs and an evident change in their countenances, proving to me how deeply their hearts were moved. Thad also to take leave of a devout image of the Virgin de las Augustias, which was in the front of the Porter’s Hall, addressing her a pious prayer for her ine tercession at that trying moment, and these religious ce« remonies being complied with, I begged the Cashier of the Brotherhood of Charity, that out of the part of the alms that fell to my share, he would give a dollar to each of the servants who then supported me, and who were the same that brought me down to the Chapel. With ‘slow and measured steps and through a double rank of armed soldiers, I reached, in awful silence, scarcely in- terrupted by those groans and sobs, which the nature of the act called forth from my afflicted train, the step at the threshold of the prison where there waited for me ‘a poor ass, on which I had to ride through the streets, between the prison and the plazuela de la Cebada where the gallows were erected. Pausing a little on the threshold, I said to the Curate of St. Martin, ‘* This is the place and the fatal moment. of our parting, Farewell, Father; God bless you my excellent friend—Farewell for ever—pray to God for me earnestly, that he will be pleased to grant me strength sufficient to pass threugh the few moments T —-— Se fA. OU}; hlU—TR]lUC*COCHCUCETlUCULTOTlC CTE OCTET �Gisenaaty., *' ae ater cat taal Mel lal hina, anand amano ne ea ee ee Wilainnzn, 4 , ~ ne i cI 83 have left to drain the cup of bitterness, which he pre- sents me with. At-these words that compassionate and feeling minister of Religion threw himself on my neck, and passing his arm and cloak over my head, a flood of tears inundated his countenance and mixed with those I shed ; his anguish and the depression of his spirits were such, that I think this was one of the most painful events I have ever experienced. Whilst thus situated, a low and timid whisper of Par- don, reached the ears of all, and immediately afterwards, the immense crowd that filled the prison avenues, and the adjoining streets, made the air resound with shouts of joy, crying “ Long live the King, who has pardoned the lame Man of Malaga.” I was astonished; the exe- cutioner, a strong stout man, with inconsiderate joy, threw his arms round me, and I should have been smo- thered, he pressed me so hard, had not the keeper, a still stronger man, disengaged me from his embrace, up~ braiding him for his imprudence. As if by enchant- ment, I was freed from the bindings that oppressed me, and from the ludicrous and shameful garments which covered my body. Amidst acclamations and congratulations, I was led to the audience chamber, where there arrived in succes- sion Grandees, Nobles, Magistrates and Ladies, all vy- ing to be foremost in wishing me joy for my pardon, which had been brought by a Guard de Corps, on horse back at full gallop, to whom it had been delivered by His Majesty, the preceding evening, with an express in- junction not to open it till 11 o’clock the next morning. In the mean time, the joyful acclamations went on out of doors ; there was never witnessed in Madrid a day of more joy, as we were told by those who kept coming in, and a crowd of from 15,000 to 20,000 persons went to- wards the Royal Palace, to applaud the King’s mercy, manifested in my pardon ; so that His Majesty, on that day, was fully acquainted with the sweet reward of cle-' mency, and the sincere feelings of the Spanish people. A delightful confusion reigned amongst my visitors, some wished me to rest, some to take refreshments, others to drink strengthening liquors, and the delicacy . He x cm Rup eZ j t I asa ces hy | � 84 of the fair sex ever sagacious and earnest when it is in- tended to relieve suffering, advised me to take a cool and refreshing beverage. The two prison Doctors who were with me and constantly felt my pulse, put an end to this kind anxiety by assuring them, that I did not actu- ally suffer, and even a pleasing pastime might have caused me a greater agitation. The same Escribano who had delivered me my sen- tence of death, now appeared, and addressed me in the following words—Don Pablo, our Lord the King has been pleased to grant you a remission of the sentence of death, and you must remain under arrest, to await his Majesty’s further determination. I then turned to the Curates, entreating them that, since my arrest deprived me of the pleasure of throw- ing myself at the Royal feet, there to pour out the effu- sions of my gratitude, they would do me the kindness to convey my feelings to his Majesty, assuring him how deeply I acknowledged his mercy. ‘They willingly un- dertook this charge which they exactly fulfilled, declar- ing on their return, that they had noticed in his Majesty evident marks of intense feeling. The Captain of the Guard, who largely partook of the general joy, returned me the night cap and hand- kerchief, (which I had given him but a few hours before) saying, that the events of that day had made so deep an impression on his mind, that it could never be oblite- rated ; and though he greatly valued the articles I had presented him with, yet that very varie induced him to return them, they being the only property I could then command, and which would serve likewise to keep fresh in my recollection that extraordinary hour, in which I had passed through the contradictory and extreme feel- ings of bitterness and delight. All who were present took part in this conversation, and I was obliged to take back the articles, notwithstanding my courteous resis- tance. s Two individuals, perfect strangers to me, begged me to name those persons whose company I should desire, at a magnificent dinner which was in preparation. I declined this altogether, pleading the weakness of my ee eC ee — ee "=> = , i meee iS ee -r.—tiéCéTS|3. —— <> ——~@ 2... ° 2 = ss - aS So" oe � 85 stomach; but the Curates persuaded me to accept the proffer, as I should not be obliged to take any other food than such as my weakness permitted, the object being, that [ should give a solemnity to the feast by my personal attendance. I then named the two Curates themselves, a few other persons, and the Count of Mi- randa, who came to the dessert. The Brothers of Cha- rity then informed me, that the Brotherhood being aware of the happy event which had taken place res- pecting me, had determined that the sum they had col- lected to pray for the peace of my soul, should be de- livered to me without any deduction, to use it at my own pleasure. With minds cheerful and elate, we sat down to a din- ner most splendidly served up, and rendered more plea- sant by the toasts and conversation which that eventful day gave rise to. I was informed during dinner, that the gloomy silence maintained by the inhabitants of Ma- drid whilst I was in the Chapel bad alarmed the Magis- trates, who took precautionary measures and reported to his. Majesty that there. prevailed a general dissatis- faction. ‘Lhis his Majesty himself saw, whilst he took his daily ride, and of which ke informed that famous Junta, known throughout Spain and in fact through all Europe by the name of the Camarilia, the members of which made every exertion to banish this impression from the royal mind ; but as, in addition to this infor- mation, there were many petitions presented by Court Ladies, of the first rank, praying that 1 should be par- doned, (though they were to all appearance disregarded, ) it was supposed that all these circumstances had com- bined to determine His Majesty to extend his mercy to me. I likewise thought the same at that time, but be- ing in Madrid in the year 1820, a person of the first rank in Spain, assured me that I was exclusively indebt- ed to the good offices and active and efficacious inter- ference of Mr. Charles Vaughan,* His Brittannic Ma- * Ferdinand then, being looked upon by the other sove- reigus as the most useful instrument of their favourite plans, was the‘object of their marked attention, The diplomatic relations subsisting between the great powers and the Court H _ oe - paw ae i ltt A CLOT LALLA AD LS — � 86 jesty’s Chargé d’Affaires, at that time; who personally applied for, and obtained my pardon, from His Majest himself. I then testified my grateful feelings to this hu- mane and noble minded Gentleman, by means of a writ- ten address, which 1 delivered to a person who under- took to forward it, as I was not able to thank him per- sonally, he being no longer on the Peninsula. Nor have I been more fortunate since my arrival in this country, although my first care was to seek him for that object ; all I could learn was that he was in the United States of America. May he therefore receive, wherever he may be, this public and due testimony of the feelings of gra- titude which overflow my heart. Lhis extraordinary day having drawn to a close, my kind attendants left me, to enjoy alone that rest which I needed after such fatigue, pain and anguish. On the following days I still received many demonstrations of the interest with which I had inspired the inhabitants of of Spain, were carried on under the seal of the most inti- mate friendship and of the most active and delicate benevo« lence. The ambassadors who were sent to Madrid, enjoyed the particular and distinguished confidence of their respec. tive Sovereigns, They were 1eceived on a corr sponding foot- ing by Ferdinand, who treated them with the greatest fami- liarity. The conduct of England upon this occasion was a model of wisdom and moderation, Great as was the secret influence which the English Cabinet exercised in Spain, (and that it did exercise such influence cannot be doubted), still its representative in that Court kept hiwself at a great distance from the political intrigues, in which his colleagues took so considerable a part. Upon one occasion alone did the British diplomatic agent interpose directly in public af- fairs ; and this was when he demanded an adherence to the promise which was made at Valencia, that the penalty of death should not be inflicted upon any person accused merely of li- beral opinions. The famous cripple of Malaga was condemned to death in Madrid, and would have been taken to the scaffold, if Mr. Vaughan had not exerted an energy and an activity which reflect the greatest honour upon him. He demanded the prisoner’s pardon from the minister Cevallos, threatened him with the just indignation of the Cabinet of St. James, and fixed an hour when an answer was to be returned to him. It were to be desired that the diplomacy of Europe contained more numerous specimens of this style in its annals.—MrEmotrs oF FerDINAND VII. By Michael J. Quin, London, 1824, p, 139. �87 the Metropolis. Several of them undertook to raise subscriptions, in order to administer to the extreme po- verty to which Iwas reduced; since the offer of the Brotherhood of Charity had been rendered nugatory, by a new resolution they came to, of applying the pro- duce of the alms collected to cause masses to be said for the good of my soul, and naming me one of the bro- therhood, and a partaker of the manifold indulgences, and spiritual privileges which they were in possession of ; by which means I became abundantly rich in heavenly treasures, but was left a poor beggarly wretch on earth, My ill luck prevented me also from receiving the pro- duce of the aforesaid subscriptions, for, on the 1st of January, 1816, at 4 o’clock in the morning, I was sud- denly and unexpectedly sent on my way to the galleys at the Caraca, where I was to remain as a galley slave for ten years; which being elapsed, I could not be set at a but by an express order to that effect from the ing. There I experienced uncommon tortures, which. I owed to the repeated injunctions of the Infante Don An- tonio, the King’s Uncle ; from which I was persuaded that my life had been spared only to take it cruelly and by slow means and painful torments. At length the In- fante’s death afforded me some relief, and on the night of the 12th of January, 1820, I was set at liberty, and found myself suddenly in the midst of the gallant and patriotic Constitutional Army. My warm patriotism, protracted sufferings, and extraordinary firmness, pro- cured me the highest distinction from every individual in that army, the chiefs of which entrusted me with seve- ral commissions. My small influence was constantly employed in favour ef my oppressors. I went to Madrid, where I found all, or the greater part of my fellow suf- ferers, raised to be either Members of the Cortes, Minis- ters, or Magistrates ; from all of whom I received de- monstrations of great esteem. But, as these private feelings could not be a compensation for the publicity of my ignominious sentence, I applied to the Cortes, beseeching them to decide if my patriotic services and my sufferings were meritorious, or whether they ought i ee ED ene, LL STS LI SL TT ee Een �erste eek ol hl kel ill he tetera dl inter eie eatea eaten en a to be left under that dubious character, which the former iniquitous proceedings endeaveured to stamp upon them. The Cortes taking into consideration my deserts and ‘sufferings, and contemplating me as the only victim doomed to the scaffold by the fury of that party, inimi- cal to liberty, wished to avenge the affront put upon my person, and through it on the Constitutional system, and unanimously declared that 1 had deserved well of my country, and voted me pensions and honourable rewards, as appears from the report of their sitting of the 12th September, 1820. A commutation of some of those re- wards having taken place, for reasons which were made public at their. sitting of the 7th of November following, (a report of both of which is here subjoined) I was ap- pointed Alcade of the Custom -house at Malaga, which trust I discharged with all zeal and exactness ; indeed I went so far as to begin a prosecution at law, against the Administrator in Chief and a Vista,* who made a most infamous and scandalous traffic of the public re- venue. Thus f lived, thinking that the term of my misfortunes had gone by; but the events of 1823, having again overthrown the Constitutional Government, I was forced in order to preserve my life from the rage of the fanati- cal party, to trust myself to an uncertain fate, and a painful emigration, rendered doubly galling by my noto- rious poverty. I went to Cadiz, where I witnessed the events that preceded the ruin of my country’s freedom, over which, as they are known to the world, I will draw a veil; whilst I have nothing left, but a heart to grieve at, and eyes to weep over, those misfortunes. Being obliged to fly from that city, I went to Gibraltar, where I expe- rienced. the effects of the incessant reclamations, by means of which, the Spanish Government carries on its persecutions against the unfortunate emigrants. I ever lived deprived of rest, now on the shore, now in some ship in the bay, amidst unspeakable trouble and labour, and always fearful of being thrown by some gale, qu the Spanish coast, and thereby falling into the hands of my bloody pursuers. At last the Lieutenant-«Governor * Surveyor at the Custom House. � 89 took pity on me, and he and my constant benefactor the “ Capitan del puerto ” found me a ship, and means to be comfortably conveyed to this country, a safe asylum to the unfortunate, the metropolis of whieh I reached on the Ist December, 1825. Here I live in tranquillity, assisted by the English generosity, which, though not sufficient for that attention which my age and infirmities require, is yet more than enough to ensure my everlasting gratitude; and here I hope to remain, addressing my sincere and fervent vows to Heaven, for the welfare of my own beloved country, and next to it, for the prosperity and glory of this great and powerful nation, which, acting towards me as a second country, has received me into her bosom, and generously provides for my sustenance. A ce i Ai A A A tat A A At LE LOOT � �JOURNAL OF THE CORTES. The following report of a select Committee, called -the Committee of Rewards, may be read in the Journal ‘of the proceedings of the Cortes, on the 12th of Sep- tember, 1820. ! i #203 “ The Committee of Rewards: would immediately ‘point out Pablo Lopez (known by the appellation of the ‘Cajo de Malaga) as one entitled to his Country’s grati- tude and rewards, on account of his services and noto- rious zeal for the Constitutional cause, and they now feel persuaded that in order to prove the purity and disinter- ‘estedness of his patriotism, it would be necessary to “bring forward evidence from the very criminal proceed- ings by which his vilification was attempted, and by ‘which he was even condemned to the ignominous pu- nishment of the Gallows, as a stirrer up of sedition and a disturber of the public peace, whick opprobious_ epi- thets were bestowed upon him, instead of the names of Patriot and Constitutionalist of which he was worthy; he was moreover charged with the sinister intention of destroying public tranquillity, merely for accompanying a few peaceful citizens who, with music and aecclama- tions testified their gratitude to those deputies, who in ‘the Cortes of 1814 supported the rights of the nation against those perfidious traitors.to their allegiance, whe in the bosom of the Congress were plotting against their Country’s liberty, This music so different from a riot, which was attended with no noise save that of the in- struments and the acclamations with which the honest deputies were greeted, and this: peaceful assembly. of citizens which Lopez joined with the same praiseworthy object as the rest, form the principal grounds on which he is accused as a promoter of rebellion and anarchy. A single glance at the criminal proceedings will be suf- ‘ficient to prove this and to show the machinations and deceit made use of by the real countenancers of the dis- 6 A ct � 92 order in their endeavours to deceive the unwary mul- titude and to mislead the King, as well as to discover the work of intrigue and iniquity. The Priest Molle and the rest of the gang who came forward as witnesses at that time in the said state proceedings, gave their testimony with the same rancour and partiality asin the rest. hey feigned not to know that the Constitution ‘was sanetioned by the representatives of the nation, law- fully convened ; that the whole nation had admitted it : that it had been acknowledged by our foreign, friendly, and allied powers ; that it formed the basis of their treaties and diplomatical relations, and that Lopez in ‘supporting it was supporting the wishes of the nation, ‘and that they were the criminals who had spoken against it, who forged the declaration of Audinot, who had used every stratagem and deceit to try to overthrow it ; even they who having unhappily by their deep laid schemes and machinations obtained an ascendancy over the un- suspicious mind of the King, threw the Nation into that depth of misfortunes, from which it was almost miraeu- lously delivered by the patriotism and valour of its children, and by the removal of error from the mind of its generous monarch. Such are the accusers of Lopez, Whose aversion against him was excited by their hatred of the cause he espoused ; and it is certain they would not have exaggerated his surmised shoutings in the Gal- leries, had he been one of those who fomented them in the very session in which he is supposed the author of the disorders, and who were accused by three Artillery- men as being suborned for the purpose; this appears from the process commenced on this account, but which was in consequence of certain circumstances abandoned. The Committee will refrain from speaking of this Session, but cannot omit mentioning that the information received by the Government and the arrangements made to preserve order on that day clearly show that there were more enemies than the wretched Cojo de Malaga ; aman without any moral influence or any means to put himself at the head of a faction; enemies in fact who are as well known as the object of their plots ; enemies more eriminal than Lopez, against whom all the raneour � 93 of his accusers proves nothing, but his exalted respect for the Constitutional system. This the Committee can affirm, for not even a reprehensible excess appears from the result of the proceedings. The music which the witnesses define a tumult, was no more than a compli- ment paid to certain deputies ; no other words were heard, but the cheers given them, and the meeting dis- persed as peaceably as it was formed. The Count de Montezuma followed close with an armed band and al- guazils, who all declared to the same effect ; neither does it at all appear that Lopez was at the head of this procession, nor are there any other grounds for sup- posing it than what was advanced by one of the said witnesses, who deposed that he heard his voice shouting « The Constitution and the Liberal Deputies for ever !” with the vague assertion of some others, which was arbitrarily thought by the Judges sufficient, although it was not ever corroborated by the declaration of the mu- sicians, and was moreover incredible from Lopez's ex- treme poverty. The same occurs also with respect to the disturbances he is accused of exciting in the Galle- ries. The Constables deny it ; he himself denies it in his confession, and it is asserted by only one witness and that in a manner on which no legal dependance can be Li placed, as he merely states, that during the shouts of rie ‘ Off Off,” some one struck him a blow with the fist and = desired him to join in the shoutings, and that on turn- ing his head he saw the Cojo de Malaga standing the next, but two behind him. | The Committee omit as unnecessary every observa- tion tending to show the weakness of this assertion, which is, however, the strongest that exists in support of this accusation. Of a like nature is that deposed by another single witness, to prove that he stirred up the people with his discourses in the Coffee Houses and other public places, although the Landlords of La Fon- tana and El Norte deny having ever heard any such dis~ courses. The witness merely affirms it, without ad- vancing any proof; and one says that he heard him speaking in La Puerta del Sol, against the validity of the election of the Bishop of Pampeluna, ‘The witness term- = on : we a 7 an ~ : , rn ' i i cnr tat es ln oat ————— ' � ae Se sa anata sansa eee 94 ed that an harangue, which was merely a simple relation of what had been advanced by several deputies in the Congress, respecting the admission of the Reverend Bishop, viz. that he was against the Constitution ; Lopez said so likewise, and, (being, as he himself said, both before and after his imprisonment, an idolizer of the Constitution,) added, that no one, not even the deputies themselves, could violate it, without acting in opposition to their commission and duty. The Congress will be surprised to hear that this was | the whole that instigated these proceedings against him, | if we except a circumstance which occurred with a Cap- tain of the Guard of the Post Office, who arrested him for supposed seditious speeches, in support of which there did not even exist the declaration of the Officer, which would have proved nothing had it been produced, seeing that the Government, on being made acquainted with the oceurrence, ordered him to be set at. liberty. But, how will their astonishment be increased on seeing these actions construed by the Fiscal into attempts against the Church and State; and these assertions (which are rather accusations requiring proof than de- clarations of witnesses,) into a full and sufficient cause for condemning him te death. Call to mind (says the Fiscal,) what took place on the morning of the 20th of January, 1814, in the Congress, Let not the occur- rence of that same afternoon, at La Pyerta del Sol, and in the Vibac, be forgotten. Let it also be observed, from whence that same night the musical party set out, whe- ther they directed their course, to whom they shouted, and who was foremost on the occasion; no one can doubt for a single moment of its being an actual riot, of which Pablo Lopez was the ringleader, The epoch of order and of justice (says he farther on arrived, and that of impunity ceased. The laws recor vering their authority, demand the condign punishment of delinquents, The laws of Partida and Ricopilacion condemn to the gallows those who commit such crimes. The fiscal then making the charges above related, with others that result from these proceedings, &c, �= Seen —— ee. ee ee mde — — J Soman * oY ae HHA OrL a ei ai te et all hi ieee ws ; ; i x 95 Dr. Matio Sandoqui discoursing in this manner, it is not easy to decide whether he most insults the laws, whose empire he acknowledges to be re-established ; or the wretched man for whom he is preparing the gallows as a reward for his patriotism and adhesion to the Constitution. This is what is imputed to him as a crime; this is what he confesses, this is what appears from the proceedings in spite of the hatred and partiality of the witnesses, and this is what the fiscal would have seen in the process, if the desire of promoting his own fortune had given him room to reflect and to listen to the cries of innocence. ‘The Committee would not touch upon the conduct of the Fiscal if it was not necessary to clear up that of Lopez, and to shew the bloody catastrophe which was so near taking place, was prepared for that unhappy man. The neglect of the laws, the immense field which ambition opened to the conquerors, the over- throw of the Constitutional party, blind personal inte- rest, and the necessity of keeping up in the mind of the King those ideas by which he was seduced, were the causes of so many supposed crimes in those pointed ° out as guilty, and of so many unjust acts on the part of the Judges. Hence arose the injustice of the fiscal, hence the atrocity of the particular opinion of the Judge Vazyuez Varela, written with the greatest art to per- suade the King making himself appear in his eyes, as a faithful observer of the laws, as deaf to every other voice, painfully closing his heart to the impulses of compassion, and even at the risk of displeasing his Ma- jesty. Thus he threw the unfortunate Lopez into that terrible dilemraa, from which the compassion of the King was scarcely able to save him; but which did overturn such iniquitous contrivances and was the cause that, when the splendour of truth should dissipate, the darkness by which his understanding was dimmed as is happily now the case, patriotism and innocence should triumph over the weak attempts of the selfish. The pure and unalterable adhesion of Lopez to the Constitution is therefore visibly apparent to the Cortes, as well as his continued firmness in both the dungeons and the galleys, which was as manifest as in his former SS Ss ied ny aD Sen �———— ee es Ce a ease - <a a . ee . — 7 5 oes 4 . r ieee . See ae 96 conduct, so far was he from taking as a bribe the paltry sum which they wished to suppose. He shouted “ The Constitution for Ever,” on the night of the music ; he did so because he thought it serviceable to his Country, and on the same account he repeated it, when a change of conduct and an impeachment of the other proscribed individuals would have set him at liberty and delivered him from the imminent danger in which he stood. The Court need not adduce further observations to make it appear from the very proceedings as it was intended, Lopez’s innocence and his meritorious constancy under such hard trials and his services in the defence of the independence of the nation are not less worthy of con- sideration. He offered to assist gratuitously in making the clothing for the Army, and his offer being accepted by the central Junta, he removed from Coin to Malaga for the purpose of executing it—enlisting into a volun- teer battalion of riflemen, who, were doing duty in that place. When Malaga was taken possession of by the enemy, he went on board a vessel to escape the danger in which his ardor for the defence of that Town had placed him. ‘Having been driven back by adverse winds, he was ob- liged to live in secret obscurity, during which time he removed his only son from the civil militia, which had been formed by the French, and sent him to serve in the National Army. He afterwards made his escape and settled in Gibraltar, maintaining himself by his trade, he gave 5500 flints to the troops who were stationed in the neighbourhood. A short time after, he gave up his esta- blishment to employ himself again in making clothing for the Army, under the command of General Don Fran- cisco Ballesteros, who attests his patriotism and zeal for the public cause. The national Consul in Gibraltar, Don Sebastian Gonzalez Lopez, Member and Secretary of the Territorial Committee of the Hoya de Malaga, and its court the Viscount de Zolina, General Don Carlos de Grand, and the Constitutional Alcade de Coin, ‘Don Lucas Munoz, all certify the services and commis- sions undertaken by him at that epoch, and all speak in the highest terms of his zeal and patriotism. In fact �from an information made in Malaga in 1815, it appears that the Sendicos esteemed Lopez as a man of enlighten- ed conduct in every sense of the word, and on this ac- count the Magistrate declared that he deserved the re- putation of ‘a good patrician for his political behaviour. “The Committee judges from what has been shown that his zeal and patriotic ardour, his services, and his uncommon sufferings, entitle him to particular conside- ration and to the national gratitude and beneficence ; ~and are of opinion that from the public funds he should be presented with a House in Malaga, his native place, ‘worth from 70,000 to 80,000 ‘rials, and bearing this in- seription—“ Recompensa por la Patria,” and moreover that he should receive from the same souree a pension of 8,000 rials a-year. This report having been read— Senor Giraldo spoke as follows : a greater proof cannot be given of the injustice, perversity of heart, and mean- ness of the enemies of the Constitution, than the pro- ceedings carried on against Pablo Lopez, which are now before the Congress—and_ which ‘cannot be read with any degree of serenity. ! have scanned them over ina few hours and I wish all the Deputies had done the same, and then there would be no one who on hearing the re- port of the Committee, would evince any signs of dis- satisfaction on account of its want of moderation. Let any one place himself in ‘the situation of the unhappy Cojo de Malaga, proceeded against for being a friend of the Constitution, accused of ‘a crime which had no existence, condemned to the degrading punishment of death on the gallows; without the appearance of any proofs, nor even of that which they wished to attribute to him as an excess, placed in the chapel, bound by the hangman, and led almost to the foot of the gallows, and he will then know that nothing is sufficient to compen-~ sate for such grievous ills; and'to shew to the whole world that if there have unfortunately been some Spa- niards who degenerating from the-noble character of that nation, have acted as infamous defamers, calum- nlators, unjust accusers and judges; the whole nation at once makes a compensation for the injuries which the delinquents have done toits name and reputation, I �a Cada Basen add a nedeae ahead eee ca a aude 98 This affair must not be looked upon as an object which treats of the investigation of the reward which the country grants to a well deserving defender, and to one who, by great prowess and signal services, might _ have obtained the title of hero ; this matter is not, nor can it be examined under such an aspect ; it is that of an honest Spaniard, who, after having shewn, from the year 1808, his love of the liberty and independence of the nation, contributing as much as he was able to the ser- vice of the Spanish troops, sacrificing in its ranks the only son he had, and being afterwards faithful to the ge- neral vow of the nation, and to the precepts of the go- vernment, declared himself a zealous lover of the Con- stitution, which had been proclaimed and sworn to, and of the National Congress, and placing these merits and services as the basis of the process, was the victim of the most atrocious calumny and scandalous injustice; his persecutors treating with ridicule, by their proceed- ings, the decorum of the Cortes and the honour of the Deputies, selecting the Cojo de Malaga as the Chief of the designs, which they attributed to them, and deriving from thence the results which are sufficiently obvious. The Edict which was prepared for the act of conduct- _ing Pablo to the gallows, and which may be met with in folio 225 of the proceedings, signed by the Chairman-of the Committee, who was engaged in them, is the best testimony of these truths. It says: In consequence.of the proceedings which have been instituted against Pablo Lovez, known as the Cojo de Malaga, as aringleaderand hired chief of the riotous galeriants of the said ordinary and extraordinary Cortes, for supporting the annulled Constitution, the decrees extorted by the liberals, the endeavour to degrade the Sovereignty of Our Lord the King Ferdinand VII., to destroy the sacred rights, and to raise up the government and sovereignty of the peo- ‘ple, he is condemned to the gallows. Can we hear with tranquillity such a web of calum- nies and injuries? and will not our indignation be in- creased on knowing that there were no grounds for them, and yet by them an honest Spaniard was sentenced to be hanged. I assure the Congress, that when I consider �velUl(CSlUC 4 ee re rr 99 this innocent victim, suffering the horrors of the most cruel imprisonment, the dreadful agonies he suffered for three days in the Chapel, the inhuman treatment he ex- perienced in the fortress to which he was taken; when I read his declarations, replete with the fortitude and truth which are the signs of innocence; when I see him fly to the service of his country as soon as the liberal army of the Island appeared, and offer himself again without being affrighted at his former dangers, I am ready to accuse the Committee of meanness, and as be- ing, if not unjust, at least ungenerous. The injuries and grievances done to Pablo Lopez, were done to the whole nation, which nation cannot Jook with indifference on those who have made themselves calumniating impeachers, prostituted fiscals, and unjust judges, in order to degrade it, and to immerge it in the evils in which they threw it, leaving no means untried to obtain their end, and travelling over carcasses sacri- ficed to their infamous caprices, and over victims trod upon at their fancy; but, it ought also to bestow some attention on these victims, and reward their sacrifices with justice and generosity, without compelling those who have suffered to persecute the authors of their ca- lamities as in ordinary causes. ‘The proceedings against Pablo Lopez, as others of a similar nature,were against all the nation ; and it cannot for this reason avoid doing justice by rewarding the merit which resulted from those proceedings, without ever forgetting what has been shewn, and that on the part of his malicious opponents nothing was left undone, in order to consummate the sacrifice which would un- doubtedly have taken place, but for some just and feel- ing souls who made known to the King such vile injus- tice ; and he immediately ordered the sentence to be suspended, and gave this proof of the rectitude of his august heart, and of the just intentions which have al- ways animated him, Thanks to the King’s Justice, which has presented us with this discussion, in which the National Congress shows the sentiments which ani- mate all the Deputies, and which, by approving the re- port ofthe Committee, and making the additions it may a � ialiidieiechdiend.ieeinaeneeennoe re 100 think fit, will prove to the whole world that the country is 20 indulgent mother, who attends to the deserts and _ Sacrifices of her offspring, and rewards them with justice and generosity. Sr. Quintana then said: It was my intention to say something respecting the ridiculous proceedings invent- ed by malignity, in order to ruin the meritorious citizen Pablo Lopez; but Sr. Giraldo having already painted it in its true colours, I shall eonfine myself merely to an expression of my thanks-to the Committee, for the ex- actness and truth with which they have described the memorable, tumult of which they supposed the said Lopez capable; an exactness and truth to which I can bear witness, having had the honour to be one of those who had met together in that famous insurrection. Moreover, I wholly confirm the report of the Committee, which, however, appears to me to have been rather nig- _gardly in the rewards they propose for a citizen, so great a lover of his country; I should, therefore, wish that something more was awarded him, aud that the same or some other Committee would point out a different kind of reward for the fiscal, judges, and all others concerned in sucha notorious procedure, the whole of whom ought, in my opinion, to be raised to the exalted situation to which they are, by their eminent and well known services so entitled. Sen, Cepero then rose and said: I consider this as- sembly to be so unanimously disposed to approve the report of the Committee, that I do not think they need any stimulus for that purpose. [shall not, therefore, dwell upon it, not seeing any necessity for so doing; but only attempt to convince them of some facts, which will justify the opinion which I conceive all the Deputies will give. Ihad the honor to be a member of the Ordi- nary Cortes, and one of those who formed the Com- mittee of its interior Government. On this account I was obliged to make some inquiries respecting the up- roar which several times took place in the Galleries, and these being the real charges against Pablo Lopez, whica gave life and fuel to the proceedings, and led him to the Gallows, in conformity with the sentence pronounced �101 against him, for having been supposed the cause of those disturbances, I ought to make known whatever I know, -n order to show clearly the false imputation and iniquity with which he has been persecuted by the enemies of the Constitutional system. Pablo Lopez has not only been a ood Spaniard, but may be called a heroin his rank. I made all the inquiries 1 thought proper, and even ob- served him myself, with a view to inform myself of the truth. ‘The result convinced me that this worthy man, far from being a promoter of tumult, was, on the con- trary, one who endeavoured to establish order by his ad- vice, which he effected several times, so that it may be truly said that the enemies of the Constitution wished to ridicule it, carrying their inhumanity even as far as to offer up as its victim a man who could have no influence in the system, but his adherence to it. Pablo Lopez constantly attended the Galleries, and I was obliged to give orders to the porters to lethim go in with his crutch, which he could not do without on account of his lame- ness, it being forbidden to any one to enter with a stick. Consequently, I feel myself called upon to state, that this unfortunate man did not commit any other crimes than being present at the debates ef the Congress, without having ever given the least occasion for the disorders, which sometimes took place there, should be imputed to him. I, therefore, conclude by supporting the report of the Committee, and by begging the Cortes, that as Lopez was made the object of the shameless conduct of his persecutors, he may also be made that ef the justest reward, for the sufferings he underwent for his love of the Constitution. Sen. Golfin then said—I wished to say a few words as an individual of the Committee, but as no one has yet impugned its report, and as I rather observe that it meets the general approbation ; I shall reserve what I had to advance till it should be opposed, an event which I do not at present anticipate. In the mean time I will add a few words to what Sen. Cepero has advanced respecting the affair of the Galleries. It actually is a charge substantiated in the proceedings against ablo Lopez, but in support of it there is no other proof than ; 3 f i f j racecar crm steht tien tate Y re i Ree sonar � 102 the fact which Iam going to relate. Several witnesses having been examined as to whether Lopez did or did not contribute to or cause the tumult in the Galleries, one only deposed to the particular, and how did he do so? Let the Congress observe the evidence of this witness—he says, that on one occasion there were shouts and cries of Off Off, and at the Same time he received a violent blow in the back, and that turning his head he saw the Cojo de Malaga the third person from him, This assertion alone was in the eyes of the Judge who presided, sufficient to prove the charge and to cause the culprit to be condemned to the punishment with which this assembly is already acquainted. Sen. Florez Citrada then followed—] shall not speak ofthe report, nothing having been said against it, I only rise to justify the committee with respect to the objec- tion advanced by Sen. Giraldo, of the seeming parsi- mony of the remuneration awarded to Pablo Lopez. The Committee themselves have thought so too, but at the same time they have taken into consideration that although this individual’s merit may be very manifest, he is not the only one deserving of the reward of the Country—there are many in this case and although all aré not in his state, they must not on that account go unrewarded ; so that the Committee have been obliged to be somewhat economical, contrary to their inclination, of fully acknowledging the deserts and sufferings of this individual. The point being considered sufficiently discussed, the report of the Committee was approved, and Sen, Calatrava said—the Congress has just done an act of justice in rewarding a Patriot who was near los- ing his life for supporting the Constitution and the li- berty of his Country; but i¢ seems to me that the Con- gress must perform another act of justice in order to complete their intention, and that is to punish: the slan- derer. Inthe Town of Malaga, in which a House and Lands producing annually 8,000 reals, is ordered to be given to Pablo Lopez—there lives one of those impos- tors who accused as principal promoters of the disorder Pablo Lopez and other Patriots whom he has endea- �—— 103 voured to ruin, and who is now enjoying at the expense of the nation a reward for his infamies, which exceeds that bestowed upon Pablo Lopez for his Patriotism. I have approved this proposition with much pleasure, having witnessed his virtues in a prison in which we were confined at the same time, and I had occasion to observe his resignation and great modesty ; I must also remark that the enemies of the Constitution asserted that he received 60 rials a day from the Cortes, and having been myself among other deputies appointed by the ordinary Cortes, for the formation of the Criminal Code, this unhappy man thinking that a porter would be named for this Committee, solicited the situation for himself, and this was the period in which the Anti-Con- Stitutionalists supposed that the Cortes gave him 60 rials a day. I have as I said before seen him in the Prison, and admired his heroism and fortitude. I shall only call the attention of the House to this particular, the favour being already granted. But will it be just that whilst the nation is granting him this remuneration as a man persecuted for sustaining its just cause, it should suffer persecutors to remain unpunished and con- tinue in their enjoyment of what they have unjustly acquired by their infamous conduct? ‘Thus I am of opinion, that the Committee should take this again into consideration, and propose to the House as the means of indemnifying the nation, what it expends in rewarding the good Patriots, to apply the property which they who caused their misfortunes are enjoying. JOURNAL OF THE CORTES. MEETING OF THE 71H NOVEMBER, 1820. The Committee of rewards presented the following report :—“ The Cortes decreed on the 14th of Sep- tember last, that in consideration of the extraordiaary patriotic services of Pablo Lopez, known as the cripple of Malaga, a House of the value of 70 to 80,000 rials � - ae : a - - . . $. cf . ee ee 104 vellon, should be given him out of the public funds in that City, and that he was to receive besides out of the same public property a capital stock, the interest on which should amount to 8,000 rials. « That resolution was passed to the Minister of Fi- nances, who, inferring from the expression public funds ! that it had reference to the public credit, communicated a it to the Board, charged with the direction of that esta- J ee blishment ; and the said Board in consequence of such “9 Bd communication, represented to the Minister on the 2\1st, | stating, that although they wished to have it in their power to carry at once into effect a resolution in which the Congress should shew their high sense of Justice,they however conceived that its execution could not be in- cumbent upon them, as there was no question in this case of paying any of the debts specified under the title of pubéic debts, but only of remunerating the Pa- triotic merits of Pablo Lopez, and such was not the ap- Ce plication given to the funds aud property of the esta- ia blishment ; which could not be chargeable with giving effect to that remuneration, for being exclusively applied to the payment of the debt of the State, any other bur- then laid upon them was irrelevant and destructive of that confidence which is the support of public credit ; and they added that although the donimation of public funds comprehended all those who belonged to the State, inclusive of those of the public credit, the reso- fe lution of the Cortes could not be applicable to the ae latter, since they were specifically and invariably des- Hi tined to the payment of the public debt, as well as the af property from which they are derived; and that there- fore no debt which was not strictly a debt of the State could be paid out of the said funds, in conformity with the solemn promises made to the public creditors by all the Decrees and regulations issued on the subject ; a principle which ought to be most punctually and scru- pulously adhered to, as the only way of re-establishing the confidence of the nation, facilitating the means to pay the public creditors, and consolidating the credit of the State. Seen eee coats erm ee ee te eed a ee Seah par cies 4 i a SE OS SS eS Oe eS Se Seay Gees kee oe : ed ie sa bi oe Lis fy �ed 105 « The Minister of Finances has laid by order of the King before the Cortes the preceding statement for their consideration, and the Committee of Rewards and Fi- nances, united, find it perfectly grcunded ; but, consi- dering on the one hand that all the existing national property out of which the remuneration granted by the Cortes might be carried into effect, as well as that which may accrue, in consequence of the reforms now pending in the Congress, 1s wholly applied to the ex- tinction of the public debt, and on the other hand that it is indispensable to give effect in the less prejudicial and more expedient possible manner to the resolution of the Cortes, are of opinion that a pension for life of 8,000 rials might be granted to Pablo Lopez, on the public treasury or upon any of the funds attached to the same, recommending him at the same time to Government, in order that he may be placed when opportunity offers in a suitable situation, to indemnify him for the grant of the Hlouse made by the Cortes, and the salary of which shall not be for the same reason incompatible with the pension. 3 7 : This report having been read, Sen, Silves said, that the Committee had no interest in supporting it, but that having seen the communication from Government which had given occasion to it, they had acknowledged the just grounds of the observations made by the national board of public credit, as to their inability to dispose of the existing public property in Malaga, it being ab- solutely applied to the payment of the creditors of the State. Sen. Quiroga: The Cortes have already decreed and granted the reward due to the merit of the worthy Pa- triot in question, and have signified what that remune- ration is to be; they therefore cannot now g0 back. The reward now proposed by the Committee is inade- quate to what that Patriot deserves, and to the distin- guished services by him performed. A pecuniary re- muneration and employment under Government is not a fit reward to those who have sacrificed themselves for the country. I am not here advocating my own cause - my object is merely to show that the national Congress a a anaes si cn on nn = “ST te ? Bb; RTE PREY 7 3H cae � 106 ought not to go back from what has been already done in the grant of a reward which is to be of everlasting memory. Where is the propriety of conferring a situ- ation under Government to one who cannot effectually discharge its duties ? Let, therefore, the moderate reward already granted by the Cortes be carried into effect, for I believe that Pablo Lopez will be well satisfied with any if, granted to him by the Congress, while he may a perhaps reject it from the hands of Government. Sen. Almero Alprente : We are called upon to decide as to the fulfilment of a resolution of the Congress, the most worthy not only of the generosity, but also of the justice of the Spanish nation. The individual who is the subject of this discussion has been hanged for his love to the country ; an expression which I may be properly allowed to use, as he did fully drink out the cup of bitterness attending that punishment. The Go- vernment has been directed to discharge the obligations which the nation was laying under towards that indivi- dual, and the Board of Public Credit are right in their remonstrances on the subject: but the Cortes can make an exception to any general rule. Why not fulfil what has already been promised ? My opinion is that the former resolution of the Cortes ought to be carried into effect, and that Pablo Lopez should not be deprived of the house granted to him, with the inscription ordered upon the same, as it will reflect honor, not only to him and his family, but likewise to the whole Spanish nation. This is not now the cause of that individual but of the country, which ought to exert itself in shewing its gra~ titude : and since it has already rewarded so many others, it is just that it should also do now the same to one who is not less meritorious than all of them. | : Sen. Diar del Morall : There is no answer, in my opi- nion, to what has been stated by the honorable members who have preceded me; but, as it is indispensable to give punctual effect to the decrees of the Cortes, which forbid the application of the property assigned to the Public Credit to any other object, and, on the other hand, there is no reason for making any alteration in the reward granted by the Congress to Pablo Lopez ; rs �- i aia er eee ee er OO E e e 107 the only question, therefore, is as to the best means of carrying the latter into effect. The Board of Public Credit are right in stating that they cannot dispose of the property attached to that establishment; and, as public credit is grounded on an absolute confidence, if once part of that property is taken from the said esta- blishment, all confidence will be lost. But there is a middle course, which is to authorise the Government to afford from the treasury the amount of the value of the house, as well as a capital stock, equivalent to the annuity granted to Pablo Lopez, for I can find no reason to alter the resolution of the Cortes. The expression used by Sen. Romaro de Alprente that that individual was a man hanged, but yet alive amongst us, is exact. And since there is no reasonable motive for the Congress re- voking their resolution, and, on the other hand, the ob- servations made by the Board of Public Credit are cor- rect, I believe that the Cortes ought to direct that the Treasury should provide the necessary funds for the purpose in question. “ The point was then declared sufficiently discussed upon, and the resolution proposed by the Committee adopted, with the following amendment, made by Sen. Diar del Moral : that the pension granted to Pablo Lopez be revertible to bis wife and children. FINIS. ee —— eee eae eam aetna rae miasentemrianerntenittttinte � bowed mp Seto tet sd Ont in t i cedietiaidhaiditiaidial dt tamed amend aanete faa ah � that neil dl Hs ta ala haba la ate at Ant hat Pitt � : � ala a ae eee aR inn nati a ele ee I MASSA SL df LU tpiceeh spay, er ee : 5 er eee SS LD SS SDPO OORT MR TONED TOO ee) �Pe <c4s �
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Title: Annual Report, 1838-39
Creator: Augustus W. Smith
Date: 1839

Title: Annual Report, 1839-40
Creator: Augustus W. Smith
Date: 1840

Title: Annual Report, 1845-46
Creator: Augustus W. Smith
Date: 1846

Title: Joseph Cummings Papers, 1851-1899
Creator: Cummings, Joseph, 1817-1890
Date: 1851
Notes: This collection is primarily comprised of Joseph Cummings' annual reports on Wesleyan University for the years 1857-1874, excepting the 1866-1867 school year. These reports contain censuses of Wesleyan's student body, including lists of students that have died or taken seriously ill during the school year. They also include Cummings' recommendation that women be admitted into Wesleyan and his suggestions for allocation of funds, most prominently with regards to building and maintaining a library. The collection also contains Cummings' correspondence, including with Julia Olin and W.O. Atwater (primarily regarding securing Atwater's employment), as well as Cummings' official acceptance of the position as president at Wesleyan University. Also included are several articles by Cummings, a petition against his resignation from the professorship, and his wife D.S. Cummings' correspondence. For more information, refer to the finding aid for the collection: http://wesleyan.edu/libr/schome/FAs/cu1000-89.xml.

Title: Annual Report, 1852-53
Creator: Augustus W. Smith
Date: 1853

Title: 1864 Olla Podrida
Date: 1864
Notes: This material may contain racist, sexist, homophobic, or other harmful and non-inclusive language or images. Such material represents ideas, norms, and values that are no longer (or never were) consistent with the ideas, norms, and values of Wesleyan University as a whole. Please contact wesscholar@wesleyan.edu with any questions or concerns.

Title: 1865 Olla Podrida
Date: 1865
Notes: This material may contain racist, sexist, homophobic, or other harmful and non-inclusive language or images. Such material represents ideas, norms, and values that are no longer (or never were) consistent with the ideas, norms, and values of Wesleyan University as a whole. Please contact wesscholar@wesleyan.edu with any questions or concerns.

Title: 1866 Olla Podrida
Date: 1866
Notes: This material may contain racist, sexist, homophobic, or other harmful and non-inclusive language or images. Such material represents ideas, norms, and values that are no longer (or never were) consistent with the ideas, norms, and values of Wesleyan University as a whole. Please contact wesscholar@wesleyan.edu with any questions or concerns.

Title: Model lessons in oral and object teaching of English grammar:
Subtitle: adapted to the key to the grammar of all languages, for the use of schools, p. 1
Date: 1869
Text: fo Ff INTRODUCTION. GRAMMAR is written on the face of nature. We are sur rounded by millions of worlds in rapid motion. Now, MATTER, with quantity and
Show morefo Ff INTRODUCTION. GRAMMAR is written on the face of nature. We are sur rounded by millions of worlds in rapid motion. Now, MATTER, with quantity and QUALITY, is nouns and pronouns. Adjectives. Inu MOTION or REST, with MANNER, TIME and PLACE, Verbs. Adverbs. And on this broad and natural foundation, as a base, the superstructure of grammar has been erected by all nations. The Romans and English have instituted a set of ques- tions for classifying all words. Lat. Quantum? Qualis Quis ? Quid ? Quando ? Quomodo ? Ubi? Eng. How many? What kind? Who did it? What is done? When? How? Where? Words. Two, Young Boys Walk Now, Slowly, There. spook ¢ Adi: Adj. Noun (nom.) Verb. Ady. Ady. Adv. _The above questions may be answered as well by de- pendent Phrases and Propositions, having a substantive, adjectwe or adverbial signification. Asa knowledge of the mode of using a useful tool of instrument, is indispensable to its utility, it is proper to give the following directions for using this work: ist. Suspend the large chart on the right hand side of the blackboard, and on, or near it. 9%d,. Furnish each student with a copy of the lessons on “ Oral and Ob- ject Teaching.” 3d, ‘‘ Now (let the) two young boys walk slowly there,” during the performance, in their proper per- sons, suiting the actions to the words. Let tlfe teacher explain that the human head is the only q apparatus tor “manufacturing” language. The brain is the “sensitive plate” on which all impressions are written by the organs of sense, and expressed by the organs of speech. Memory isthe retaining of these ideas; and think- ing, is recalling them to mind. These émpressions constitute the sw total of all knowl- edge.—Classifying these ideas is scvence—EXPRESSING THEM CORRECTLY Is GRAMMAR—expressing them gracefully is rhetoric—comparing them is reasoning or logic, and con- necting them, or constructing propositions and sentences, is composition. cach Pp inanimate pmb naaabsniio sean tin aac le Rthgnte Sie nd pee Bee �
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Title: Model lessons in oral and object teaching of English grammar:
Subtitle: adapted to the key to the grammar of all languages, for the use of schools, front cover
Date: 1869
Text: MODEL LESSONS IN ORAL AND OBJECT TEACHING OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR, ADAPTED TO THE Key to the Gramma of all Languages, FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS. BY SOLOMON
Show moreMODEL LESSONS IN ORAL AND OBJECT TEACHING OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR, ADAPTED TO THE Key to the Gramma of all Languages, FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS. BY SOLOMON BARRET# NEW YORK: # McBripe & Marrart, Printers, No. 36 Deyegpreer. 1869. s ng to Act of Congress, in the year 1869, by SoLomon Barre -the District Court of the U. §., for the Southern District of �
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Title: Model lessons in oral and object teaching of English grammar:
Subtitle: adapted to the key to the grammar of all languages, for the use of schools, p. 15
Date: 1869
Text: ORAL AND OBJECT TEACHING 12 SAY TILA (10) ‘“-——9ABYy [[BYS —OABY [ITA (10) ‘———OABy [TVs ("peje Tduroo SUIT} 91NjNy JO) ‘98UaL, q09J1eg dinjny
Show moreORAL AND OBJECT TEACHING 12 SAY TILA (10) ‘“-——9ABYy [[BYS —OABY [ITA (10) ‘———OABy [TVs ("peje Tduroo SUIT} 91NjNy JO) ‘98UaL, q09J1eg dinjny Apynbury = *pe—sut "pe f OABY OL *__T1TM. (10 4 cee pey ‘pe f DART ——— dal plnoys 10 —————pynoys (10) ———9ABy plnom plnom —— SAY Bd (10) ———9ABy plnos plnoo ‘——9aBy ABA ——oaey USI A TAd (10 ‘ ) f ee pey po —oary (‘Surnutyu09 (‘peyatdur0o ‘(Sumurnuos ‘(poqozduroo SUL} O1NYNJ 10) ely ysvd 10) out} ysed Jo) OWT} JUVsSeId JO) “‘OSUaT ‘OSUAT, “Osu, ‘OSU, ein qOojlog Iseq qSseg yoojleg IWeSseIg SAIUHA AO SHUSNAL ‘qoojJa0d oinynyy Hj ‘oinjny ‘OATIIUYUT el $e qoojiod ysvg | ‘aarjounf{qng @ ( ‘aurHy, ae aeea Ss “ZUPI0T ‘SAISSBG ~~ puoog : | ‘yoojiod Juesoig &| ‘oatyesodmy "IQUISUDA, J, S “18htT bi ‘LNESHUg “HAILVOIGN]) «‘‘HALLISNVULLN] ‘satoolaQ ‘aATSSOSSOg te a ‘aynjosq vy oH ( IvenIg cy ‘CulH I, © ‘OININ ‘quapuedapuy he 5 (10) te *puoragy a IULUIMAa ‘HALLVNIWON " F ( eoynbuayy = ‘QSIT iT & ( ‘ANITOOSVIT ‘SGHaHA INV SNOON ONISUVd WOd ATAVAL ‘BUI RT of (10) “nox——— ‘om ‘ssorun ‘Ysnoy} ‘Jy ued (10) r AUW (‘SsuInUuryu0d @UlT} JO) ‘SUA quesolg “MDINBaLAd (10) AVINDAY ‘NOWHWOD (10) sadoud (‘q19A puy SATjOe[pe oq} jo sutjedinaied 10) o[dinaeg ‘P0Oyy (peqiuaijan 10) dAT}IUYUT ‘poopy (Sut -PUVULUIOD 10) VAT]VIOd UIT ‘poopwy (yeuorjrtp -uo9 peutofqns IO) satjounfqne “poo” (9[qIssod 10) [eIyU910g ‘POoW (SULIB[Dep IO! dAL}BOIPUT “SCOON f ‘(27907 SJ} ay7) . aypegs S) PINO, , (7) L «MIVA ,, (Slog) is ©) . dow ,. JO) = "(YJOM) | SAO ,, �
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Title: Model lessons in oral and object teaching of English grammar:
Subtitle: adapted to the key to the grammar of all languages, for the use of schools, p. 18
Date: 1869
Text: OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR. 15 Féw | and short | wére thé pray’rs | wé said, And wé spoke | not 4 word | Of sor | row, Bit wé stead | fastly gazed | Sn thé
Show moreOF ENGLISH GRAMMAR. 15 Féw | and short | wére thé pray’rs | wé said, And wé spoke | not 4 word | Of sor | row, Bit wé stead | fastly gazed | Sn thé face | Of thé dead, And wé bit | térly thought | of thé mor | row. Wé thought | 4s wé hal | low’d his nar | rdw béd, And sméoth’d | déwn his lone- | ly pil- | low, That thé foe | would bé ri- | Oting 6- | vér his head, And wé | far 4-way | on thé bil | low. Light | ly théy’ll talk | of thé spir | it that’s gone, And 6’er | his cold ash | és tpbraid | him, Bit noth | ng hé’ll wréck | if théy lét | him sléep on, In thé grave | whére a Brit | On has laid | him. Bit half | 6f Sur heav- | y task | wads done, Whén thé clock | tolled thé hour | for rétir- | ing, And wé heard | thé dis | tant ran | -ddm gin, That thé foe | was sul | lénly fir- | ing. Slow | ly and sad | ly wé laid | him down, Frém thé field of his fame | frésh and go- | ry; Wé carved | not 4 line, | wé raised | not a stone, Bit wé left | him 4-lone, | with his glo | ry. Now!? came? still! evening? on ;!2 and!* twilight’ gray? Had!’ in'4 her® sober! livery? all! things® clad.¥° Silence? accompanied.” For!® beast? and!5 bird— They? to! 8their® grassy! couch,’ these! to’ their? nests’ Were!’ sunk.¢ All! but!® the! wakeful! nightingale,” She? all-nght-long!? Sher’ amorous: descant® sung '° Silence? was pleased.!! Now!? glowed? the’ firmament? With" living' sapphires.’ Hesperus? that? led” The! starry, hoste rode® brightest.! _ & TO THE LEARNER. SorENCE Ig KNOWLEDGE CLASSIFIED, so as to be easily ac- quired, and readily applied in practice. . The Key to the Grammar of all Languages contains a complete classification of all the principles of grammar ; and these Lessons enable the student to acquire the princt- ples by applying them in practice. �
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Title: Model lessons in oral and object teaching of English grammar:
Subtitle: adapted to the key to the grammar of all languages, for the use of schools, p. 17
Date: 1869
Text: 14 ORAL AND OBJECT TEACHING Rute 7. Word? “ The.” Relation? “ The' Book.” Idea? (Wone.) 1. “The” is a definite article (or adjective) and be-
Show more14 ORAL AND OBJECT TEACHING Rute 7. Word? “ The.” Relation? “ The' Book.” Idea? (Wone.) 1. “The” is a definite article (or adjective) and be- longs to book. Ruse 1. Adjectives (or articles) qualify nouns. Word ? “ Look.” Relation “ Bring book /*’ Idea? Com- plement of an Action G. Parse like “ Man’,” except— Neuter gender, it denotes neither race, &e. SENTENCE : —A’ book? lies’ on" the! table’. = Word? “A.” Relation? “A' book.” Idea? Quantity. 1. “A” is an indefinite article (or adjective) and be- longs to book. Ruue 1. As above. Notrr.—The words ‘‘a@”’ and ‘the’ will have the same relation, and express the same ideas, whether we call them adjectives or articles. SENTENCE— Will the sun rise? —. Yes. .— II. — “Yes” is a declarative sentence, and a universal affirm- ative proposition, expressing a judgment of the mind, that the “Subject is in the predicate.” SENTENCE-- Will your friend come to-morrow ?—No.—II— “Vo” isan abbreviated universal negative principal prop- osition, being equal to “(John will) no(t return to-morrow.)” > —4 ~at + <= EXERCISES IN PROSODY—PARSING AND ANALYZING. BURIAL OF SIR JOHN MOORE. Not 4 driim | was heard | nér 4 fin’ | ral note | As his corse | t6 thé ram | parts wé har | riéd, Not 4 86] | diér discharged | his fare- | wéll shot O’er thé grave | whére otir hé | ré wé bar | i&d. N6 ise | léss cdf | fin énclésed | his bréast, | Nor in shéet | nor in shroud | wé boiind | him; But hé lay | like & war { ridr ta | king his rést, With his mar | tial cloak | troiind | him. re me fo co we �
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